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[[File:Kanrinmaru.jpg|right|thumb|320px|A painting of the ''Kanrin maru'', by ''[[yoga|yôga]]'' painter [[Iizuka Reiji]], on display at the [[Yokohama Port Opening Memorial Hall]]]]
*''Other Names: Japan''
*''Japanese'': 咸臨丸 ''(kanrin maru)''
*''Japanese'': 咸臨丸 ''(kanrin maru)''
The ''Kanrin Maru'' was the first ship to cross the Pacific Ocean with a Japanese pilot, doing so in the early months of [[1860]], as part of the [[1860 Japanese Embassy to the United States|first Japanese embassy to the United States]].
The ''Kanrin Maru'' was the first ship to cross the Pacific Ocean with a Japanese pilot, doing so in the early months of [[1860]], as part of the [[1860 Japanese Embassy to the United States|first Japanese embassy to the United States]]. It is generally considered Japan's second Western-style modern warship, after the ''[[Soembing|Kankô Maru]]'',<ref name=iizuka>Gallery label, Yokohama Port Opening Memorial Hall.</ref> though the ''[[Shoheimaru|Shôheimaru]]'' was constructed by [[Satsuma han]] and gifted to the [[Tokugawa shogunate|shogunate]] around the same time.
The ship was a 292-ton, screw-driven corvette of Dutch construction. It set out from [[Yokohama]] along with the ''[[USS Powhatan]]'', carrying the over 170 members of the embassy, on 1860/1/19 (Feb 10), bound for [[San Francisco]]. Captained by [[Katsu Kaishu|Katsu Kaishû]] and commanded by [[Minister of the Navy|Navy Minister]] [[Kimura Kaishu|Kimura Kaishû]], its crew of 96 Japanese was joined by a number of American sailors and one American officer, since no Japanese crew had ever made such a long journey.
The ship was a 292-ton, screw-driven corvette of Dutch construction. It was 49 meters long, and could travel at up to six knots.<ref name=iizuka/> Originally named the ''Japan'', the Dutch-built ship first arrived in [[Nagasaki]] on [[1857]]/8/5.<ref>Ishin Shiryô Kôyô 維新史料綱要, vol 2 (1937), 393.</ref>
The ''Kanrin Maru'' was damaged in a storm during the voyage, and returned directly to Japan after receiving repairs in San Francisco.
Renamed the ''Kanrin-maru'', the ship set out from [[Yokohama]] along with the ''[[USS Powhatan]]'' on 1860/1/19 (Feb 10), bound for [[San Francisco]]. Captained by [[Katsu Kaishu|Katsu Kaishû]] and commanded by [[Minister of the Navy|Navy Minister]] [[Kimura Kaishu|Kimura Kaishû]], its crew of 96 Japanese was joined by a number of American sailors and one American officer, since no Japanese crew had ever made such a long journey. The ''Powhatan'' carried the three lead ambassadors and their direct entourage, while the remainder of the more than 170 members of the mission rode on the ''Kanrin Maru''.
The ''Kanrin Maru'' was damaged in a storm during the voyage, and returned directly to Japan after receiving repairs in San Francisco, while the ''Powhatan'' continued onwards to Panama.
During the [[Boshin War]] in [[1868]], the ''Kanrin Maru'' sought refuge in Shimizu harbor (today, Shizuoka City), running up a white flag of surrender while its crew attempted repairs on the ship. Despite this flag of surrender, however, pro-Imperial troops bombarded the ship with cannon fire, boarded it, and killed many of the crew. This has come to be known as "the Kanrin Maru Incident" (J: ''Kanrin maru jiken'').<ref>Oliver Statler, ''Japanese Inn'', 273-274.</ref>
In [[1869]], following the fall of the shogunate, the ''Kanrin Maru'' joined the ''[[Shoheimaru|Shôheimaru]]'' in shipping goods to and from [[Hokkaido]] for colonial development efforts.<ref>Gallery labels, Museum of the Meiji Restoration, Kagoshima, Sept 2014.[https://www.flickr.com/photos/toranosuke/21372010265/sizes/k/]</ref>
The ship sank in [[1871]] near Kikonai, [[Hokkaido|Hokkaidô]] while carrying settlers from [[Hakodate]] to [[Otaru]]. Efforts to find the wreck have thus far been unsuccessful.<ref>Isayama Takuya, "Mission fails to find Kanrin Maru shipwreck, but search continues," ''Asahi Shimbun'', 29 Nov 2019.[http://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/AJ201911290050.html]</ref>
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==References==
==References==
*Gallery labels and pamphlet from exhibition "[http://www.mcny.org/exhibitions/past/Samurai-in-New-York.html Samurai in New York]." Museum of the City of New York. 25 June - 7 Nov. 2010.
*Gallery labels and pamphlet from exhibition "[http://www.mcny.org/exhibitions/past/Samurai-in-New-York.html Samurai in New York]." Museum of the City of New York. 25 June - 7 Nov. 2010.
<references/>
[[Category:Bakumatsu]]
[[Category:Bakumatsu]]
[[Category:Ships]]
[[Category:Ships]]
