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The first coastal defenses at the mouth of Edo Bay were constructed in [[1810]], on the heels of the [[1808]] [[Phaeton Incident]] in [[Nagasaki]], and after coastal defense plans proposed by [[Matsudaira Sadanobu]] in the 1790s were scrapped in [[1795]]. Beginning in 1810, Sadanobu, in his position as ''daimyô'' of [[Shirakawa han]], was charged with overseeing the defense of the eastern approaches to the bay, while [[Matsudaira Katahiro]], lord of [[Aizu han]], guarded the west.<ref>Mitani Hiroshi, David Noble (trans.), ''Escape from Impasse'', International House of Japan (2006), 15.</ref>
The first coastal defenses at the mouth of Edo Bay were constructed in [[1810]], on the heels of the [[1808]] [[Phaeton Incident]] in [[Nagasaki]], and after coastal defense plans proposed by [[Matsudaira Sadanobu]] in the 1790s were scrapped in [[1795]]. Beginning in 1810, Sadanobu, in his position as ''daimyô'' of [[Shirakawa han]], was charged with overseeing the defense of the eastern approaches to the bay, while [[Matsudaira Katahiro]], lord of [[Aizu han]], guarded the west.<ref>Mitani Hiroshi, David Noble (trans.), ''Escape from Impasse'', International House of Japan (2006), 15.</ref>
In the early 19th century, the city began to see increased waves of newcomers from the provinces. This spurred the development, among those who had been there longer, of an ''Edokko'', or "local/native Edoite," identity.<ref>Tom Gaubatz, "A Barbershop on Every Corner: Urban Space and Identity Performance in the Fiction of Shikitei Sanba," guest lecture, UC Santa Barbara, 7 Jan 2016.</ref>
==References==
==References==
