Changes

Line 65: Line 65:  
* 1756-1757 - [[Quan Kui]] and [[Zhou Huang]] (d. 1785) lead the mission for the investiture of King [[Sho Boku|Shô Boku]], as Senior Envoy and Deputy Envoy respectively. During his time in Shuri, Chou Huang compiles the ''[[Ryukyu-koku shiryaku|Ryûkyû-koku shiryaku]]'', an account of Ryukyuan history and customs based on the records and reports of earlier Chinese envoys, Ryukyuan records, and Chou's own observations<ref>Hirata, Tsugumasa (trans.). Chou, Huang. ''Ryûkyû-koku shiryaku''. Tokyo: San-ichi Shobô, 1977. pp1-2.</ref>.
 
* 1756-1757 - [[Quan Kui]] and [[Zhou Huang]] (d. 1785) lead the mission for the investiture of King [[Sho Boku|Shô Boku]], as Senior Envoy and Deputy Envoy respectively. During his time in Shuri, Chou Huang compiles the ''[[Ryukyu-koku shiryaku|Ryûkyû-koku shiryaku]]'', an account of Ryukyuan history and customs based on the records and reports of earlier Chinese envoys, Ryukyuan records, and Chou's own observations<ref>Hirata, Tsugumasa (trans.). Chou, Huang. ''Ryûkyû-koku shiryaku''. Tokyo: San-ichi Shobô, 1977. pp1-2.</ref>.
   −
:The lead investiture vessel is wrecked in a storm, and the envoys and their close attendants nearly drown.<ref name=chen/>
+
:On the way to Ryûkyû, after departing Fuzou, the two lead investiture vessels are wrecked in a storm, and the envoys and their close attendants nearly drown. The ship carrying the lead envoys runs aground on rocks near [[Kumejima]], and the passengers are rescued by Ryûkyû. The other ship, meanwhile, gets pushed back to [[Zhejiang province|Zhejiang]]; its occupants then make their way overland to Fuzhou, secure a new ship, and arrive in Naha in the winter.<ref name=chen/>
    
:Quarrels started by some members of the embassy, and excessive forcefulness in attempts to force trade, lead to the execution, beating, and banishment of several members of the embassy, and the stripping of Chou Huang of his title (though not his post). A gift of 50,000 ounces of silver by the king, in compensation for the losses in the shipwreck, is returned by order of the [[Qianlong Emperor]]<ref name=chen/>.
 
:Quarrels started by some members of the embassy, and excessive forcefulness in attempts to force trade, lead to the execution, beating, and banishment of several members of the embassy, and the stripping of Chou Huang of his title (though not his post). A gift of 50,000 ounces of silver by the king, in compensation for the losses in the shipwreck, is returned by order of the [[Qianlong Emperor]]<ref name=chen/>.
   −
* 1800 - The investiture mission is led by [[Zhao Wenkai]]<!--趙文楷--> and [[Li Dingyuan]] and is held during a period of national mourning following the death of the Qianlong Emperor. The seven banquets traditionally held for the envoys are skipped, private trade is discouraged by the lead envoys, and an offer by the king of 10,000 ounces of silver in gratitude is declined by the envoys<ref name=chen/>. Ryukyuan officials surprise Li with gifts on the occasion of his mother's birthday.<ref>[[Gregory Smits]], presentation at "[http://www.hawaii.edu/asiaref/japan/event2013/Index.htm#symposium Interpreting Parades and Processions of Edo Japan]" symposium, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 11 Feb 2013.</ref>
+
* 1800 - The investiture mission is led by [[Zhao Wenkai]]<!--趙文楷--> and [[Li Dingyuan]] and is held during a period of national mourning following the death of the Qianlong Emperor. The seven banquets traditionally held for the envoys are skipped, private trade is discouraged by the lead envoys, and an offer by the king of 10,000 ounces of silver in gratitude is declined by the envoys<ref name=chen/>. Ryukyuan officials surprise Li with gifts on the occasion of his mother's birthday.<ref>[[Gregory Smits]], presentation at "[http://www.hawaii.edu/asiaref/japan/event2013/Index.htm#symposium Interpreting Parades and Processions of Edo Japan]" symposium, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 11 Feb 2013.</ref> In light of the events of the previous two missions, extra precautions are taken to discourage or prevent disputes or disturbances.<ref name=chen/>
   −
:On the return from Ryukyu, the mission is attacked by pirates, and endures a great storm. They survive, and return to China safely, but Zhao is said to have been significantly weakened by the harrowing experience; he died four years later.
+
:On the return from Ryukyu, the mission is attacked by pirates, and endures a great storm. They survive, and return to China safely, but Zhao is said to have been significantly weakened by the harrowing experience; he died four years later.<ref name=chen/>
    
* 1808 - A mission is sent.
 
* 1808 - A mission is sent.
   −
* 1836 - The Daoguang Emperor issues an edict explicitly forbidding any members of the embassy to bring goods to Ryûkyû with the intent of engaging in trade.
+
* 1836 - The [[Daoguang Emperor]] issues an edict explicitly forbidding any members of the embassy to bring goods to Ryûkyû with the intent of engaging in trade.
    
* 1838 - The mission is led by [[Lin Hongnian]] and [[Gao Renjian]].
 
* 1838 - The mission is led by [[Lin Hongnian]] and [[Gao Renjian]].
contributor
26,979

edits