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==Timeline of 1854==
==Timeline of 1854==
*1854/1/6 [[Commodore Perry]] enters [[Shuri castle]] for the second time, as a mere show of authority, but is not granted an audience with any royals.
*Kaei 6/12/22-26 (Jan 20-24) Perry's fourth visit to Ryûkyû. [[Commodore Perry]] enters [[Shuri castle]] for the second time, as a mere show of authority, but is not granted an audience with any royals.
*1854/1/4-5 (Feb 1-2) Perry departs Ryûkyû for [[Edo]].
*1854/1/11-24 (Feb 8-21) A Russian fleet under [[Yevfimy Vasilyevich Putyatin]] makes port in [[Naha]].
*1854/1/14 (Feb 11) Perry's fleet arrives at Edo Bay.
*1854/2/29 (March 27) Crimean War: Britain and France declare war on Russia.
*1854/3/3 (March 31) The [[Convention of Kanagawa]] is concluded.
*1854/3/23 Putyatin's fleet arrives once again at [[Nagasaki]].
*1854/4/5 The [[USS Saratoga|USS ''Saratoga'']] makes port in Honolulu on its way back to the US from Japan.
*1854/5/17 (June 12) [[Board Incident]] - American sailor William Board assaults a woman in Naha (or is simply violently drunk more generally) and is killed by a mob of locals (or drowns on his own).
*1854/6/2 (June 26) Perry and his fleet depart [[Shimoda]] for the final time.
*1854/6/7 (July 1) Perry arrives in Ryûkyû for the fifth time.
*1854/6/13 There is a fire in the [[castletowns|castle-town]] of [[Fukui castle|Fukui]]. The fire spreads to more than a thousand homes.
*1854/6/17 (July 11) The [[Treaty of Amity (Ryukyu-US)|Treaty of Amity]]<!--琉米修好条約--> between the [[Ryukyu Kingdom|Ryûkyû Kingdom]] and the United States is signed by Commodore Perry and the Ryukyuan officials [[Sho Kokun|Shô Kôkun]] and [[Ba Ryosai|Ba Ryôsai]].
*1854/6/23 (July 17) Perry and his fleet depart Ryûkyû for Hong Kong, taking [[Bernard Bettelheim]] with them.
*1854/int.7/15 (Sept 7) Rear Admiral Sir [[James Stirling]] comes to [[Nagasaki]] with four ships, seeking to attack Putyatin.
*1854/8/23 (Oct 14) The [[Anglo-Japanese Convention of 1854]] is signed.
*1854/9/2 Shogunate officials meet with [[VOC]] factor [[Jan Hendrik Donker Curtius]] in [[Nagasaki]] and discuss the opening of Shimoda and Hakodate to Dutch ships while continuing to restrict trade to the port of Nagasaki alone.
*1854/9/18 (Nov 8) Putyatin's fleet, led by the ''[[Diana]]'', returns to Japan, making port first at Hakodate, then [[Osaka]], before being told to go to Shimoda instead.
*1854/11/4 (Dec 23) [[Ansei-Tokai Earthquake|Ansei-Tôkai Earthquake]]: An earthquake and tsunami strike Shimoda and surrounding areas.
*1854/11/9 [[Ansei-Nankai Earthquake]]: An earthquake and tsunami hit the Nankaidô region.
==Other Events of 1854==
==Other Events of 1854==
*In response to the arrival of the [[Black Ships]] and of Putyatin, the ''bakufu'' calls for all bells in the country to be melted down and refashioned into cannon and rifles - with the exception of bells at head temples (''honzan''), those used for timekeeping, and those of great age and fame.
*The ''[[Buke shohatto]]'' are re-promulgated.
*The ''[[Buke shohatto]]'' are re-promulgated.
*[[Ichikawa Ebizo V|Ichikawa Ebizô V]] leads a troupe on a [[kabuki]] tour in [[Kamigata]] ([[Kansai]]).
*[[Ichikawa Ebizo V|Ichikawa Ebizô V]] leads a troupe on a [[kabuki]] tour in [[Kamigata]] ([[Kansai]]).
*Reconstuction of [[Matsumae castle]], begun in [[1849]], is completed.
*Reconstuction of [[Matsumae castle]], begun in [[1849]], is completed.
*Construction on the ''[[tenshu]]'' of [[Matsuyama castle (Iyo)]], begun in [[1820]], is completed.
*Construction on the ''[[tenshu]]'' of [[Matsuyama castle (Iyo)]], begun in [[1820]], is completed.
*Expeditionary forces of the [[Russia-America Company]] occupy [[Sakhalin Island]]; the action, and subsequent Russian claims to the island, are justified by Yevfimy Vasilyevich Putyatin based on the concepts of ''terra nullius'' and 'prior occupation.'
*[[Sakamoto Ryoma|Sakamoto Ryôma]] completes training in Chiba and returns to [[Tosa han]].
*[[Sakamoto Ryoma|Sakamoto Ryôma]] completes training in Chiba and returns to [[Tosa han]].
===Births and Deaths===
===Births and Deaths===
*Kaei 6/12/26 (Jan 24) Eli Crosby, 2nd assistant engineer on the ''[[USS Susquehanna]]'', dies and is later buried in the [[Tomari International Cemetery]].
*1854/2/8 (March 6) US Marine Private Robert Williams, a member of the crew of the ''[[USS Mississippi]]'', dies and is buried at [[Zotoku-in|Zôtoku-in]] in [[Yokohama]]; his body is later moved to [[Gyokusen-ji]] in [[Shimoda]].
*1854/2/10 [[Oda Nobunori]], lord of [[Kashiwabara han]], dies (b. [[1836]]).
*1854/5/17 American sailor William Board is killed/dies in Naha, and is buried at the [[Tomari International Cemetery]].
*1854/8/18 (Oct 9) Translator [[Nishi Kichibei]] is found dead in his home.
*1854/8/24 [[Fukuyama han]] retainer [[Yamaoka Hachijuro|Yamaoka Hachijûrô]] commits suicide in protest against the shogunate's foreign affairs stances.
*1854/9/28 (Nov 18) John Miller, Captain Aft G on the ''[[USS Vincennes]]'', dies in the Ryukyus and is later buried in Tomari.
*1854/10/1 (Nov 20) John Williams of the ''USS Vincennes'' dies in the Ryukyus and is later buried in Tomari.
*Kabuki actor [[Ichikawa Danjuro VIII|Ichikawa Danjûrô VIII]] commits suicide while on tour in [[Osaka]] (b. [[1823]]).
*Kabuki actor [[Ichikawa Danjuro VIII|Ichikawa Danjûrô VIII]] commits suicide while on tour in [[Osaka]] (b. [[1823]]).
*[[Shinsengumi]] member [[Ichimura Tetsunosuke]] is born.
*[[Shinsengumi]] member [[Ichimura Tetsunosuke]] is born.
*Architect [[Katayama Tokuma|Katayama Tôkuma]] is born (d. 1917).
*[[Tsubaki Chinzan]] dies (b. [[1801]]).
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