Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| * ''Born: [[1835]]'' | | * ''Born: [[1835]]'' |
| * ''Died: [[1869]]'' | | * ''Died: [[1869]]'' |
− | * ''Titles:Shinsengumi vice commander, Ezo Army Bugyo | + | * ''Ranks:Shinsengumi vice commander, Ezo Army Bugyo Nami |
− | * Japanese:土方歳三''(Hijikata Toshizo)'' | + | * ''Other name: Naitô Hayato'' |
| + | * Japanese:土方歳三義豊''(Hijikata Toshizo Yoshitoyo)'' |
| + | [[Image:Hijikata.jpg|right|thumb|Hijikata Toshizo statue in Hino]] |
| | | |
| ==Shieikan== | | ==Shieikan== |
− | Toshizo was born in a wealthy farmer family in Tama district, [[Musashi province|Musashi]]. | + | Hijikata Toshizo was born in a wealthy farmer family in Tama district, [[Musashi province|Musashi]]. |
| He practiced [[Kenjutsu]] in many dojo while he was working as a medicine peddler. | | He practiced [[Kenjutsu]] in many dojo while he was working as a medicine peddler. |
− | One day, Toshizo met [[Kondo Isami]] at [[Sato Hikogoro]]'s dojo and he became pupil of [[Tennen Rishin-ryu|Tennen Rishin ryu]]. | + | One day, Hijikata met [[Kondo Isami]] at [[Sato Hikogoro]]'s dojo and he became a pupil of [[Tennen Rishin Ryu]] in [[1851]] and was officially enrolled at the school in [[1859]]. |
− | In [[1863]], Toshizo and other [[Shieikan]] members joined [[Roshigumi]]. | + | His skill of the [[ryu-ha]] was just [[Mokuroku]], however his name |
| + | was listed on [[Bujutsu Eimei Roku]] which means he was known as |
| + | a swordmaster in those days. |
| + | In [[1863]], Hijikata and other [[Shieikan]] members joined [[Roshigumi]]. |
| | | |
| ==Shinsengumi== | | ==Shinsengumi== |
| | | |
− | Kondo Isami and Hijikata Toshizo ruled [[Shinsengumi]] completely after eliminating [[Serizawa Kamo]]'s Mito group. | + | Kondo Isami and Hijikata Toshizo ruled the [[Shinsengumi]] completely after eliminating [[Serizawa Kamo]]'s Mito group. |
| | | |
| ''Kyokuchu Hatto''(The Shinsengumi Regulations) is believed to be Hijikata's idea. | | ''Kyokuchu Hatto''(The Shinsengumi Regulations) is believed to be Hijikata's idea. |
| Many of Shinsengumi members lost their lives because of the strict regulations. | | Many of Shinsengumi members lost their lives because of the strict regulations. |
| | | |
− | On the [[Ikedaya Affair]], Hijikata's troop arrived Ikedaya later than Kondo's troop.
| + | During the [[Ikedaya Affair]], Hijikata's troop arrived at Ikedaya later than Kondo's troop. |
| Hijikata first secured around Ikedaya to not let Aizu and Kuwana han samurai in. | | Hijikata first secured around Ikedaya to not let Aizu and Kuwana han samurai in. |
− | As the result, Shinsengumi received all the fame and prizes. | + | As the result, the Shinsengumi received all the fame and prizes. |
| | | |
| ==Boshin war== | | ==Boshin war== |
− | Hijikata commanded Shinsengumi at the [[Battle of Toba-Fushimi]] , the [[Battle of Yodo-Senryomatsu]](1868 January) instead of wounded Kondo Isami. | + | Hijikata commanded the Shinsengumi at the [[Battle of Toba-Fushimi]] and the [[Battle of Yodo-Senryomatsu]](1868 January) instead of Kondo Isami, who was wounded at that time. |
− | Shinsengumi lost many members at the battles. | + | The Shinsengumi lost many members in those battles. |
| Then Hijikata realized "The age of swords is over." | | Then Hijikata realized "The age of swords is over." |
| | | |
− | When Kondo was captured at [[Nagareyama]], | + | When Kondo was captured at [[Nagareyama]], Hijikata went back to Edo, already occupied by the imperial army, to appeal to [[Katsu Kaishu]] for Kondo's life. |
− | Hijikata went back to Edo where already occupied by the imperial army | |
− | to appeal [[Katsu Kaishu]] for Kondo's life. | |
| | | |
− | Hijikata then headed to Utsunomiya with several Shinsengumi members | + | Hijikata then headed to Utsunomiya with several Shinsengumi members ([[Saito Hajime]] took most of the members to Aizu) , to join the [[Bakufu]] troops. |
− | ([[Saito Hajime]] took most of members to Aizu) , joined [[Bakufu]] troops. | |
| | | |
− | He was injured his foot in April and sent to Aizu. But he was unable to | + | He injured his foot in April and was sent to Aizu. However he was unable to |
| come back to the front line until August. | | come back to the front line until August. |
| Kondo's grave in Aizu was built during the time. | | Kondo's grave in Aizu was built during the time. |
| + | [[Image:Hijikata2.jpg|right|thumb|Hijikata Toshizo]] |
| | | |
| ==Hakodate== | | ==Hakodate== |
− | Hijikata and Bakufu troops occupied [[Goryokaku]] in October, [[Matsumae castle]] in November. | + | Hijikata and Bakufu troops occupied [[Goryokaku|Goryôkaku]] in October and [[Matsumae castle]] in November. |
− | They declared "Republic of Ezo" ([[Enomoto Takeaki]] as the president), | + | They announced the new "Republic of Ezo" ([[Enomoto Takeaki]] as the president) and Hijikata was appointed to be the ''[[Ezo]] Army [[Bugyo]] Nami''. |
− | Hijikata was appointed to be the ''[[Ezo]] Army [[Bugyo]] Nami''. | |
| | | |
− | [[1869]] March, they attacked [[Batlle of Miyako bay|Miyako bay]] to take over the battleship | + | [[1869]] March, they attacked [[Battle of Miyako bay|Miyako bay]] to take over the battleship ''[[Kotetsu|Kôtetsu]]'', but failed. |
− | [[Kotetsu kan]] but failed. | |
| | | |
− | April, the Imperial troops started landing on Ezo. | + | In April, the Imperial troops started landing on Ezo. |
− | Hijikata was guarding [[Battle of Futamataguchi|Futamataguchi]] but had to | + | Hijikata was guarding Futamataguchi, but had to |
− | return Goryokaku because the Imperial army was getting close to Goryokaku.. | + | return Goryôkaku because the Imperial army was getting close to Goryôkaku. |
| | | |
− | May 11, Hijikata took small unit to save Shinsengumi in ''Benten Daiba'' where surrounded by the Imperial army.
| + | 1869/5/11, Hijikata took a small unit to save the Shinsengumi in ''Benten battery'' where they were surrounded by the the Imperial army. |
| Hijikata was shot at Ippongi. | | Hijikata was shot at Ippongi. |
− | His body is believed to be buried in Goryokaku or Ganjo-ji. | + | His body is believed to be buried in [[Hekketsuhi]] or Ganjo-ji. |
| | | |
− | 2 months after his death, his page [[Ichimura Tetsunosuke]] visited
| + | Two months after his death, his page [[Ichimura Tetsunosuke]] visited Sato Hikogoro's house and handed Hijikata's photograph, hair and death poem. |
− | Sato Hokogoro's house and handed Hijikata's photograph, hair and death poem. | |
| | | |
| Hijikata's grave sites are | | Hijikata's grave sites are |
| *Sekiden-ji (Hino city.Tokyo) | | *Sekiden-ji (Hino city.Tokyo) |
− | *Shomyo-ji (Hakodate sity, Hokkaido) | + | *Shomyo-ji (Hakodate city, Hokkaido) |
| + | *Itabashi, Tokyo |
| | | |
| + | ==Hijikata Toshizo's Swords== |
| + | * ''[[Kanesada|Izuminokami Kanesada]]'' 和泉守兼定 |
| + | * ''[[Kunihiro|Horikawa Kunihiro]]'' 堀川国広 |
| + | |
| + | ==Hijikata in Fiction== |
| + | ===Film=== |
| + | *''Moeyo Ken'' (燃えよ剣) 1966 (Director: Ichimura Taiichi) |
| + | ===Television=== |
| + | *''Shinsengumi Keppuroku'' (新選組血風録) NET 1965-66 |
| + | *''Moeyo Ken'' (燃えよ剣) NET 1970 |
| + | *''Shinsengumi Keppuroku'' (新選組血風録) ANB 1999 |
| + | *''Shinsengumi! Hijikata Toshizo Saigo no 1nichi'' (新選組!! 土方歳三最期の一日) NHK 2006 |
| + | |
| + | ===Books=== |
| + | *''Shinsengumi Keppuroku'' (新選組血風録) Shiba Ryotaro |
| + | *''Moeyo Ken'' (燃えよ剣) Shiba Ryotaro |
| + | *''Wachigai-ya Itosato'' (輪違屋糸里) Asada Jiro |
| + | *''Hijikata Toshizo Sange'' (土方歳三散華) Hirose Niki |
| + | *''Baragaki'' (バラガキ) Nakaba Toshikazu |
| + | *''Toshizo Ikite Mata'' (歳三往きてまた) Akiyama Kano |
| + | *''Toshizo kara no dengon'' (歳三からの伝言) Kitahara Aiko |
| + | *''Hijikata Toshizo'' (土方歳三) Gaku Shinya |
| + | *''Hijikata Toshizo Ruten no ken'' (土方歳三流転の剣) Kimura Shinichi |
| + | *''Ibun Hijikata Toshizo no Saigo'' (異聞 土方歳三の最期 ) Nakamura Chuji |
| + | * ''Kokuryu no Hitsugi'' (黒龍の柩) Kitakata Kenzo |
| + | |
| + | ==Research Books== |
| + | *''Shinsengumi Kumicho Retsuden'' (新選組組長列伝) Shinjinbutsu Oraisha |
| + | * ''Hijikata Toshizo no Subete'' (土方歳三のすべて ) Shinjinbutsu Oraisha |
| + | * ''Shinsengumi Meimeiden'' (新選組銘々伝) Shinjinbutsu Oraisha |
| + | * ''Shison ga kataru Hijikata Toshizo'' (子孫が語る土方歳三) Hijikata Megumi |
| + | * ''Haiyu no hito Hijikata Toshizo'' (俳遊の人・土方歳三) Kan Soji |
| + | * ''Chronicle Hijikata Toshizo no 35nen'' (クロニクル土方歳三の35年) Kikuchi Akira |
| + | * ''Hijikata Toshizo'' (土方歳三) Kawaide Shobo Shinsha |
| + | * ''Hijikata Toshizo'' (土方歳三) Shinjinbutsu Oraisha |
| + | |
| + | ==References== |
| + | *''Hijikata Toshizo'' (土方歳三) Kawaide shobo Shinsha |
| + | * ''[[Shinsengumi Zentaishi Tettei Guide]]'' (新選組全隊士徹底ガイド) Maeda Masaki |
| + | *''Shinsengumi Taishi Den'' (新選組隊士伝) Gakken |
| + | *''[[Kaiteishinban Shinsengumi]]'' (改訂新版 新選組) Sekai Bunkasha |
| | | |
| [[Category:Samurai]] | | [[Category:Samurai]] |
| [[Category:Bakumatsu]] | | [[Category:Bakumatsu]] |
| [[Category:Edo Period]] | | [[Category:Edo Period]] |
| + | [[Category:Shinsengumi]] |
| + | [[Category:Shinsengumi Members]] |
| {{draft}} | | {{draft}} |