*[[Ako castle|Akô castle]] in [[Harima province]] is completed.
*[[Ako castle|Akô castle]] in [[Harima province]] is completed.
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*The [[Peace of Westphalia]] ends the Thirty Years' War, and marks the emergence of the modern/Western concept of the nation-state. Spain recognizes the independence of the [[Netherlands|United Provinces of the Netherlands]].
*The shogunate issues various edicts regulating the lives of commoners in [[Edo]].
*The shogunate issues various edicts regulating the lives of commoners in [[Edo]].
*The shogunate bans [[kabuki]] actors and dancers from engaging in homosexual activity.
*The shogunate bans [[kabuki]] actors and dancers from engaging in homosexual activity.