Line 2: |
Line 2: |
| | | |
| == Timeline of 1868 == | | == Timeline of 1868 == |
| + | *Keiô 3/12/9 (3 Jan) [[Tokugawa Yoshinobu]] officially steps down as [[Shogun]], and the [[Imperial Court]] declares the [[Meiji Restoration|Restoration]] of the Monarchy.([[Osei Fukko|Ôsei Fukko]]) |
| * 1868/1 | | * 1868/1 |
| + | **1 The government is organized into seven Divisions (''ka''), with the Division of Rites at the top of the hierarchy. |
| **1/3 The [[Battle of Toba-Fushimi]]. | | **1/3 The [[Battle of Toba-Fushimi]]. |
− | **1/6 [[Tokugawa Yoshinobu]] returns to [[Edo]]. | + | **1/6 Tokugawa Yoshinobu returns to [[Edo]]. |
| * 1868/2 | | * 1868/2 |
| + | **2 The Divisions of the government are replaced with eight Offices (''kyoku''), with the Office of Rites at the top of the hierarchy. |
| **2/15 [[Sakai Incident]] | | **2/15 [[Sakai Incident]] |
| **2/23 [[Shogitai]] occupys [[Kanei-ji]] temple. | | **2/23 [[Shogitai]] occupys [[Kanei-ji]] temple. |
| * 1868/3 | | * 1868/3 |
| **3/13 The [[Saigo Takamori]]-[[Katsu Kaishu]] talk. | | **3/13 The [[Saigo Takamori]]-[[Katsu Kaishu]] talk. |
− | **3/14 The [[Charter Oath]] | + | **3/13 The ''[[Jingikan]]'' (Ministry of Rites) is established, and all [[Shinto]] shrines and priests are placed under its authority. |
| + | **3/14 The [[Charter Oath]] is promulgated. |
| **3/28 The new government orders ''[[Shinbutsu Bunri]]''. | | **3/28 The new government orders ''[[Shinbutsu Bunri]]''. |
| *1868/4 | | *1868/4 |
Line 17: |
Line 21: |
| **4/25 120 Japanese migrate to Hawaii. | | **4/25 120 Japanese migrate to Hawaii. |
| *1868/int.4 | | *1868/int.4 |
− | **4/17 About 4000 Christians arrested in Nagasaki. | + | **int.4 The Offices of the government are dissolved and replaced with Ministries, of which the ''Jingikan'' is supreme. |
− | **4/27 The Meiji government releases [[Seitaisho]] | + | **int.4/17 About 4000 Christians arrested in Nagasaki. |
| + | **int.4/27 The Meiji government releases [[Seitaisho]] |
| *1868/5 | | *1868/5 |
| **5/3 [[Ouetsu Reppan Domei]] | | **5/3 [[Ouetsu Reppan Domei]] |
| **5/15 The [[Battle of Ueno]] | | **5/15 The [[Battle of Ueno]] |
| **5/19 The [[Battle of Nagaoka]] | | **5/19 The [[Battle of Nagaoka]] |
− | *1868/7/17 Edo is renamed to Tokyo. | + | *1868/6 Shogunate lands, ''[[hatamoto]]'' lands, and some small domains are reorganized into [[prefectures|''ken'' and ''fu'']], while the remaining domains are renamed ''[[han]]''. |
| + | *1868/7/17 Edo is renamed to [[Tokyo]] in an Imperial Edict. |
| *1868/8 | | *1868/8 |
| **8 The [[Battle of Aizu]] | | **8 The [[Battle of Aizu]] |
− | **8/27 Coronation of [[Emperor Meiji]] | + | **8/27 ''Sokui shiki'' accession ceremonies are held in Kyoto for the [[Meiji Emperor]]. |
| *1868/9/22 Aizu surrenders. | | *1868/9/22 Aizu surrenders. |
− | *1968/10/25 [[Enomoto Takeaki]] occupies [[Goryokaku]]. | + | *1868/9/20-10/13 The Meiji Emperor makes his first great Imperial Progress from Kyoto to Tokyo, a three week journey with an entourage of 3300 men. |
| + | *1868/10/13 The Meiji Emperor arrives in Tokyo for the first time. |
| + | *1868/10/25 [[Enomoto Takeaki]] occupies [[Goryokaku]]. |
| | | |
| ==Other Events of 1868== | | ==Other Events of 1868== |
| *Photographer [[Felice Beato]] publishes his ''[[Photographic Views of Japan]]''. | | *Photographer [[Felice Beato]] publishes his ''[[Photographic Views of Japan]]''. |
| + | *Currency exchange is undertaken in [[Ryukyu Kingdom|Ryûkyû]]; each copper ''[[currency|mon]]'' is replaced with 32 iron ''mon'', causing a sudden and dramatic rise in prices. |
| *The end of the shogunate brings with it a massive exodus from [[Edo]]; the city's population does not recover to 1868 levels until around 1890. | | *The end of the shogunate brings with it a massive exodus from [[Edo]]; the city's population does not recover to 1868 levels until around 1890. |
| + | *One hundred forty-eight Japanese arrive in [[Hawaii]] aboard the British ship ''Scioto'', under contracts as sugar plantation workers, after being shipped out of [[Yokohama]] without authorization. Arriving in the first year (''gannen'') of the Meiji period, they come to be known as ''[[gannenmono]]''. |
| + | *The terms ''han'' and ''[[shogunate|bakufu]]'' are used in an official context for the first time. |
| + | *The port of [[Kobe]] (aka [[Hyogo no tsu|Hyôgo no tsu]]) is opened to Western trade. |
| *[[Nagaoka castle]] is torn down. | | *[[Nagaoka castle]] is torn down. |
| + | *The [[Nien Rebellion]] in China ends. |
| *[[Shirakawa castle]] is burnt down in battle. | | *[[Shirakawa castle]] is burnt down in battle. |
| + | *The [[Tsukiji Hotel]], the first official guesthouse for foreigners constructed by the [[Meiji government]], is completed. |
| | | |
| ===Births and Deaths=== | | ===Births and Deaths=== |
| * 4/25 [[Kondo Isami]] is executed. | | * 4/25 [[Kondo Isami]] is executed. |
| + | * 10/10 [[Funakoshi Gichin]], founder of [[Shotokan Karate]], is born (d. 1957). |
| * 12/16 Ryukyuan painter [[Higa Seisei]] is born (d. 1939). | | * 12/16 Ryukyuan painter [[Higa Seisei]] is born (d. 1939). |
| *Silk baron [[Hara Sankei]] is born (d. 1939). | | *Silk baron [[Hara Sankei]] is born (d. 1939). |
| + | *[[Iwai Tatsumi]], 4th [[Chief of Home Affairs (Taiwan)]], is born (d. [[1908]]). |
| + | *[[Gaikoku bugyo|Foreign Affairs Magistrate]] [[Kawaji Toshiakira]] commits suicide, following the shogunate in its fall. |
| *[[Kawarasaki Gonnosuke IV]] dies (b. [[1814]]). | | *[[Kawarasaki Gonnosuke IV]] dies (b. [[1814]]). |
| + | *[[Kenshitsu]], Queen of King [[Sho Tai|Shô Tai]] of [[Ryukyu Kingdom|Ryûkyû]], dies. |
| * ''[[Nihonga]]'' artist [[Tanaka Raisho|Tanaka Raishô]] is born (d. 1940). | | * ''[[Nihonga]]'' artist [[Tanaka Raisho|Tanaka Raishô]] is born (d. 1940). |
| * Painter [[Yokoyama Taikan]] is born (d. 1958). | | * Painter [[Yokoyama Taikan]] is born (d. 1958). |