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The community soon established their own shrine, called [[Tamayama Shrine]]<!--玉山神社-->, where Korean-style worship and rituals could take place.<ref>Gallery labels, [[Shokoshuseikan|Shôkoshûseikan]], Kagoshima.</ref>

The community soon established their own shrine, called [[Tamayama Shrine]]<!--玉山神社-->, where Korean-style worship and rituals could take place.<ref>Gallery labels, [[Shokoshuseikan|Shôkoshûseikan]], Kagoshima.</ref>

[[Satsuma han]] maintained records of the official status (''mibun'') of nearly everyone within the domain, and regulated their movement and intermarriage. Members of the Naeshirogawa "Korean" community were forbidden from marrying out of the community, though others could marry in. They were considered "Naeshirogawa-mono" (or, "Naeshirogawa people"), a distinct status from ''hyakushô'' ("peasants"). A few elite households in the community were granted ''[[goshi|gôshi]]'' (rural samurai) status, vassals of the Shimazu clan.<ref name=hjas>"[https://hjas.org/issues/june-december-2021 About the Cover]," ''Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies'' 81:1-2 (2021).</ref> Beginning in [[1695]], they were obliged to use Korean personal names, and forbidden from using Japanese ones.<ref>Clements, "'Koreans' in Satsuma Domain," 8.</ref> Some sources suggest they may have also been obliged to wear Korean-style clothing and to use Korean language rather than Japanese in everyday life.<ref>Clements, "'Koreans' in Satsuma Domain," pp8-9.</ref> These and other regulations helped the village retain this special character well into the 19th century. Notable figures who visited the village include [[Tachibana Nankei]] in [[1782]], [[Furukawa Koshoken|Furukawa Koshôken]] in [[1783]], [[Takayama Hikokuro|Takayama Hikokurô]] in [[1792]], [[Ino Tadataka|Inô Tadataka]] in [[1812]], and [[Rai Sanyo|Rai San'yô]] in [[1818]]; many of them described the distinctive local culture in their diaries.<ref>Gallery labels, Chinjukan Museum.[https://www.flickr.com/photos/toranosuke/51667840243/sizes/k/]</ref>

[[Satsuma han]] maintained records of the official status (''mibun'') of nearly everyone within the domain, and regulated their movement and intermarriage. Members of the Naeshirogawa "Korean" community were forbidden from marrying out of the community, though others could marry in. They were considered "Naeshirogawa-mono" (or, "Naeshirogawa people"), a distinct status from ''hyakushô'' ("peasants"). A few elite households in the community were granted ''[[goshi|gôshi]]'' (rural samurai) status, vassals of the Shimazu clan.<ref name=hjas>"[https://hjas.org/issues/june-december-2021 About the Cover]," ''Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies'' 81:1-2 (2021).</ref> Beginning in [[1695]], they were obliged to use Korean personal names, and forbidden from using Japanese ones.<ref>Clements, "'Koreans' in Satsuma Domain," 8.</ref> Some sources suggest they may have also been obliged to wear Korean-style clothing and to use Korean language rather than Japanese in everyday life.<ref>Clements, "'Koreans' in Satsuma Domain," pp8-9.</ref> These and other regulations helped the village retain this special character, or a Japanese perception of it, well into the 19th century. Notable figures who visited the village include [[Tachibana Nankei]] in [[1782]], [[Furukawa Koshoken|Furukawa Koshôken]] in [[1783]], [[Takayama Hikokuro|Takayama Hikokurô]] in [[1792]], [[Ino Tadataka|Inô Tadataka]] in [[1812]], and [[Rai Sanyo|Rai San'yô]] in [[1818]]; many of them described the distinctive local culture in their diaries.<ref>Gallery labels, Chinjukan Museum.[https://www.flickr.com/photos/toranosuke/51667840243/sizes/k/]</ref>

 

In truth, the culture of the village did see some considerable change over time. While members of a few families made sure to pass along Korean language proficiency from one generation to the next in order to maintain honored positions as interpreters for the domain, by the third or fourth generation after arriving in Japan, most residents of the village had significantly less fluency.<ref name=hjas/>

Lords of Satsuma regularly visited the village on ceremonial occasions, including (beginning in [[1676]]) while on their way to or from [[Edo]] on ''[[sankin kotai|sankin kôtai]]'',<ref name=hjas/> viewing performances and displays of Korean culture and exchanging gifts with local officials. These visits resembled formal visits to other communities and locations within the domain, where gift exchanges and other ceremonial acts ritually reaffirmed loyalty to the relationship between the locality and the lord; in the case of Naeshirogawa, however, the foreignness (Koreanness) of the local community added an additional layer to framings of [[Shimazu clan]] power and legitimacy, as a clan to whom not only Japanese but also foreigners paid [[tribute]] or fealty. Representatives of the community may also have been obliged to appear at [[Kagoshima castle]] on particular occasions, and to participate in audience ceremonies or other rituals of fealty alongside samurai vassals and [[Ryukyu Kingdom|Ryukyuan]] officials.<ref>Clements, "'Koreans' in Satsuma Domain," pp9-10.</ref> On at least one occasion, in [[1691]], the Shimazu lord had three "Korean" boys from Naeshirogawa, dressed in Korean costume, accompany him to Edo as pages.<ref name=hjas/>

Lords of Satsuma regularly visited the village on ceremonial occasions, including (beginning in [[1676]]) while on their way to or from [[Edo]] on ''[[sankin kotai|sankin kôtai]]'',<ref name=hjas/> viewing performances and displays of Korean culture and exchanging gifts with local officials. These visits resembled formal visits to other communities and locations within the domain, where gift exchanges and other ceremonial acts ritually reaffirmed loyalty to the relationship between the locality and the lord; in the case of Naeshirogawa, however, the foreignness (Koreanness) of the local community added an additional layer to framings of [[Shimazu clan]] power and legitimacy, as a clan to whom not only Japanese but also foreigners paid [[tribute]] or fealty. Representatives of the community may also have been obliged to appear at [[Kagoshima castle]] on particular occasions, and to participate in audience ceremonies or other rituals of fealty alongside samurai vassals and [[Ryukyu Kingdom|Ryukyuan]] officials.<ref>Clements, "'Koreans' in Satsuma Domain," pp9-10.</ref> On at least one occasion, in [[1691]], the Shimazu lord had three "Korean" boys from Naeshirogawa, dressed in Korean costume, accompany him to Edo as pages.<ref name=hjas/>

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