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*''Born: [[1811]]/2/28''
*''Born: [[1811]]/2/28''
*''Died: [[1864]]''
*''Died: [[1864]]/7/11''
*''Titles'': 修理 ''(Shuuri)''
*''Other Names'': 啓 ''(Hiraki)''
*''Japanese'': 佐久間象山 ''(Sakuma Shouzan)''
*''Japanese'': 佐久間象山 ''(Sakuma Shouzan)''
Sakuma Shôzan was a scholar of Western learning (''[[Rangaku]]'') and a prominent figure of the [[Bakumatsu Period]]. He opened a private school in [[Edo]] in [[1839]], and in [[1842]] wrote the ''[[Kaibo Hassaku|Kaibô Hassaku]]'' (海防八策, "Eight Plans for Naval Defense"). He was imprisoned for a time under suspicion that he was involved in the assassination of [[Yoshida Shoin|Yoshida Shôin]] (of which he was innocent), but was eventually released.
Sakuma Shôzan was a scholar of Western learning (''[[Rangaku]]'') and a prominent figure of the [[Bakumatsu Period]]. He opened a private school in [[Edo]] in [[1839]], and in [[1842]] wrote the ''[[Kaibo Hassaku|Kaibô Hassaku]]'' (海防八策, "Eight Plans for Naval Defense"). He was imprisoned by the shogunate beginning on [[1854]]/4/6<ref>Ishin Shiryô Kôyô 維新史料綱要, vol 1 (1937), 581.</ref> under suspicion that he was involved in an assassination planned by [[Yoshida Shoin|Yoshida Shôin]], but was eventually released as it was determined Shôzan was not involved.
In [[1864]], Sakuma moved to [[Kyoto]] and established a residence in [[Kiyamachi]]. He was working for the [[Tokugawa shogunate|shogunate]] at this time, in support of the promotion of the opening of the country. He was killed, however, by ''[[sonno joi|sonnô jôi]]'' Imperial loyalists (anti-shogunate rebels).
Shôzan married [[Katsu Junko]], a younger sister of [[Katsu Kaishu|Katsu Kaishû]], in [[1852]].<ref name=edotokyo>Gallery labels, Edo-Tokyo Museum.[https://www.flickr.com/photos/toranosuke/33340368258/sizes/k/]</ref>
In [[1864]], Sakuma moved to [[Kyoto]] and established a residence in [[Kiyamachi]]. He was working for the [[Tokugawa shogunate|shogunate]] at this time, in support of the promotion of the opening of the country. He was, however, killed by ''[[sonno joi|sonnô jôi]]'' Imperial loyalists (anti-shogunate rebels) who attacked him on the street, accusing him of supporting errors in national policy and of plotting to have the emperor leave Kyoto.<ref>Ishin Shiryô Kôyô 維新史料綱要, vol 5 (1937), 373.</ref>
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==References==
==References==
*Plaque on-site at site of Sakuma Shôzan's former residence in Kyoto Kiyamachi.
*Plaque on-site at site of Sakuma Shôzan's former residence in Kyoto Kiyamachi.
<references/>
[[Category:Scholars and Philosophers]]
[[Category:Scholars and Philosophers]]
[[Category:Bakumatsu Period]]
[[Category:Bakumatsu]]
