Changes

==New Year==

==New Year==

New Year's observances at [[Edo castle]] included the [[shogun]]'s reception of ''daimyô'' and other retainers, among others, on the first three days of the new year. All ''daimyô'' resident in [[Edo]] at the time were obliged to appear at the castle on each of these first three days.

New Year's observances at [[Edo castle]] included the [[shogun]]'s reception of ''daimyô'' and other retainers, among others, on the first three days of the new year. All ''daimyô'' resident in [[Edo]] at the time were obliged to appear at the castle on each of these first three days. These practices were first put into place by [[Tokugawa Hidetada]], and were continued by his successor, becoming standard practice by the time of Shogun [[Tokugawa Yoshimune]] (r. [[1716]]-[[1751]]).<ref>Walthall, 353n13.</ref>

On the first day of the new year, the shogun would first grant audiences to his direct relatives, the lords of the [[Maeda clan]], and the chief ''fudai daimyô'', who were received in the castle's ''shiroshoin'', the middle-ranking of the castle's three chief audience halls. Following a banquet, these ''daimyô'' would arrange themselves on the lowest of the three ''dan'' (platforms/daises) in the ''Ôhiroma'', the most formal of the audience halls, and that used for receptions of those lower in rank, or with less strong relationships with the shogunate; the remaining ''daimyô'', both ''fudai'' and ''tozama'', were arranged outside of the ''dan'', in the first anteroom (''ni-no-ma''), along with a multitude of ''[[hatamoto]]'', priests, doctors, court painters, and the like. They all lay prostrate as the doors separating the anteroom and the ''dan'' were opened, and the shogun silently surveyed the gathering. A member of the ''[[roju|rôjû]]'' then declared, on behalf of the shogun, an expression of good wishes for the new year; the doors were closed, and the shogun took his place at the upper dais, or ''dan'', of the ''Ôhiroma''. After a reception in which [[sake|saké]] was drunk, the shogun returned to the ''shiroshoin'', where he received New Year's greetings from staff members of his court, including [[Noh]] performers, painters, and pages.

On the first day of the new year, the shogun would first grant audiences to his direct relatives, the lords of the [[Maeda clan]], and the chief ''fudai daimyô'', who were received in the castle's ''shiroshoin'', the middle-ranking of the castle's three chief audience halls. Following a banquet, these ''daimyô'' would arrange themselves on the lowest of the three ''dan'' (platforms/daises) in the ''Ôhiroma'', the most formal of the audience halls, and that used for receptions of those lower in rank, or with less strong relationships with the shogunate; the remaining ''daimyô'', both ''fudai'' and ''tozama'', were arranged outside of the ''dan'', in the first anteroom (''ni-no-ma''), along with a multitude of ''[[hatamoto]]'', priests, doctors, court painters, and the like. They all lay prostrate as the doors separating the anteroom and the ''dan'' were opened, and the shogun silently surveyed the gathering. A member of the ''[[roju|rôjû]]'' then declared, on behalf of the shogun, an expression of good wishes for the new year; the doors were closed, and the shogun took his place at the upper dais, or ''dan'', of the ''Ôhiroma''. After a reception in which [[sake|saké]] was drunk, the shogun returned to the ''shiroshoin'', where he received New Year's greetings from staff members of his court, including [[Noh]] performers, painters, and pages.