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...over time. McClain discusses shifts in social classes or statuses (see ''[[mibunsei]]'') and the phenomena of people of different statuses living in the same d

...among ''[[kabukimono]]'' and other individuals on the peripheries of the [[mibunsei|class system]], ''shûdô'' is said to have raised anxieties among Tokugawa

...intended to be at the bottom of the [[neo-Confucianism|neo-Confucian]] ''[[mibunsei]]'' class system.

...ssure towards adherence to a hierarchy of four classes of society,<ref>''[[Mibunsei]]'', or ''shinô kôshô'' (Samurai, Farmers, Artisans, Merchants).</ref> v

...were considered a separate social category or sub-class, outside of the [[mibunsei|four-class schema]] of samurai, peasants, artisans, and merchants. They wer

*mibunsei, four classes of society, rise of merchant class, decline of samurai (warri