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The rulers of the Northern Wei are said to have been particularly fond of the concept of ''chakravartin'' (the righteous king who turns the wheel of the [[Dharma]]), comparing themselves favorably to the great Buddhist king Ashoka, who ruled in India in the 3rd century BCE.

The rulers of the Northern Wei are said to have been particularly fond of the concept of ''chakravartin'' (the righteous king who turns the wheel of the [[Dharma]]), comparing themselves favorably to the great Buddhist king Ashoka, who ruled in India in the 3rd century BCE.

They established their capital at Datong in [[Shanxi province]] in [[398]], organizing it according to Chinese traditional layouts, employing 100,000 craftsmen to construct it, and forcefully relocating 360,000 people to settle in the area. The Northern Wei Court, despite being ruled by a non-[[Han people]], was filled with Chinese ceremonial and ritual forms, and Chinese music. A Chinese-style bureaucracy enforced a Chinese-style legal code, and was organized according to the [[court ranks|nine-rank]] system, a choice which benefited well-established Han Chinese families, and brought the dynasty the support of their political power and wealth, as well as additional prestige.

They established their capital at [[Datong]] in [[Shanxi province]] in [[398]], organizing it according to Chinese traditional layouts, employing 100,000 craftsmen to construct it, and forcefully relocating 360,000 people to settle in the area. The Northern Wei Court, despite being ruled by a non-[[Han people]], was filled with Chinese ceremonial and ritual forms, and Chinese music. A Chinese-style bureaucracy enforced a Chinese-style legal code, and was organized according to the [[court ranks|nine-rank]] system, a choice which benefited well-established Han Chinese families, and brought the dynasty the support of their political power and wealth, as well as additional prestige.

[[Emperor Xiaowen]] (r. [[471]]-[[499]]) made efforts to discourage the use of elements of "barbarian" language, and to more widely and fully adopt the use of a standard [[Chinese language]].<ref>Chia-Ying Yeh, "The Revival and Restoration of Ryukyuan Court Music, Uzagaku: Classification and Performance Techniques, Language Usage, and Transmission," PhD thesis, University of Sheffield (2018), 124.</ref>

[[Emperor Xiaowen]] (r. [[471]]-[[499]]) made efforts to discourage the use of elements of "barbarian" language, and to more widely and fully adopt the use of a standard [[Chinese language]].<ref>Chia-Ying Yeh, "The Revival and Restoration of Ryukyuan Court Music, Uzagaku: Classification and Performance Techniques, Language Usage, and Transmission," PhD thesis, University of Sheffield (2018), 124.</ref>