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'''Shugo''' (守護) was a post granted by both the [[Kamakura Bakufu|Kamakura]] and [[Muromachi Bakufu]], as well as [[Emperor Go-Daigo|Emperor Go-Daigo's]] short-lived [[Southern Court]] restoration, and were intended as replacements for the Imperial post of [[kokushi]] (Provincial Governors).

'''Shugo''' (守護) was a post granted by both the [[Kamakura Bakufu|Kamakura]] and [[Muromachi Bakufu]], as well as [[Emperor Go-Daigo|Emperor Go-Daigo's]] short-lived [[Southern Court]] restoration, and were intended as replacements for the Imperial post of ''[[kokushi (governors)|kokushi]]'' (Provincial Governors).

Shugo were to be the [[bakufu|bakufu's]] representatives in the provinces, and their role was to undergo significant changes over the centuries.

Shugo were to be the [[bakufu|bakufu's]] representatives in the provinces, and their role was to undergo significant changes over the centuries.

After [[Minamoto Yoritomo|Yoritomo's]] victory in [[1185]] it became necessary to place trusted [[Kamakura bakufu|Kamakura]] representatives in the provinces, and the post of Shugo was created for this purpose. The Shugo were to be coordinators of their assigned province's [[gokenin]] ([[Kamakura bakufu]] housemen) in [[obanyaku|ôbanyaku]] (guard duty of Kyoto) and battle, an adjunct of Kamakura's judicial system, and to prevent rebellions and capital crimes. These three duties were formally incorporated into Kamakura law in [[1231]] as '''taibon sankajo''', or the Three Regulations for Great Crimes.

After [[Minamoto Yoritomo|Yoritomo's]] victory in [[1185]] it became necessary to place trusted [[Kamakura bakufu|Kamakura]] representatives in the provinces, and the post of Shugo was created for this purpose. The Shugo were to be coordinators of their assigned province's [[gokenin]] ([[Kamakura bakufu]] housemen) in [[obanyaku|ôbanyaku]] (guard duty of Kyoto) and battle, an adjunct of Kamakura's judicial system, and to prevent rebellions and capital crimes. These three duties were formally incorporated into Kamakura law in [[1231]] as '''taibon sankajo''', or the Three Regulations for Great Crimes.

The judicial duties carried out by the Shugo were varied and included interrogating local witnesses, summoning defendants, subpoenaing relevant documents, forwarding investigate reports, issuing enforcement orders, and announcing judgements. These duties brought them in to regular conflict with [[gokenin]], [[jito|jitô]] (land stewards), and other powerful estate owners. Much like the [[kokushi]] who came before, they were also prone to misconduct and abuse of their powers.

The judicial duties carried out by the Shugo were varied and included interrogating local witnesses, summoning defendants, subpoenaing relevant documents, forwarding investigate reports, issuing enforcement orders, and announcing judgements. These duties brought them in to regular conflict with [[gokenin]], [[jito|jitô]] (land stewards), and other powerful estate owners. Much like the ''kokushi'' who came before, they were also prone to misconduct and abuse of their powers.

There were no regular taxes or rents payable to the [[bakufu]] by the Shugo, though there were tribute obligations, such as providing labour and horses, as well as ôbanyaku duties in the capital.

There were no regular taxes or rents payable to the [[bakufu]] by the Shugo, though there were tribute obligations, such as providing labour and horses, as well as ôbanyaku duties in the capital.