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Injo was a son of Prince Gwanghae's younger half-brother, and was thus a nephew of the man he overthrew and succeeded as ruler.<ref>Evelyn Rawski, ''Early Modern China and Northeast Asia: Cross-Border Perspectives'', Cambridge University Press (2015), 167.</ref> Despite Injo's violent overthrow of his predecessor, the Ming court moved quickly to accept him as the new king and formally grant him [[investiture]], in order to help ensure Joseon's aid in defending Ming China against the Manchus.<ref>Ji-Young Lee, “Diplomatic Ritual as a Power Resource," ''Journal of East Asian Studies'' 13 (2013), 325.</ref>

Injo was a son of Prince Gwanghae's younger half-brother, and was thus a nephew of the man he overthrew and succeeded as ruler.<ref>Evelyn Rawski, ''Early Modern China and Northeast Asia: Cross-Border Perspectives'', Cambridge University Press (2015), 167.</ref> Despite Injo's violent overthrow of his predecessor, the Ming court moved quickly to accept him as the new king and formally grant him [[investiture]], in order to help ensure Joseon's aid in defending Ming China against the Manchus.<ref>Ji-Young Lee, “Diplomatic Ritual as a Power Resource," ''Journal of East Asian Studies'' 13 (2013), 325.</ref>

Ultimately, Injo was forced to submit to Manchu authority in [[1637]].<ref>Mark Ravina, “Japan in the Chinese Tribute System,” ''Sea Rovers, Silver, and Samurai'', eds. Tonio Andrade and Xing Hang, U Hawaii Press (2016), 356.</ref>

Ultimately, Injo was forced to submit to Manchu authority in [[1637]] after a lengthy resistance.<ref>Mark Ravina, “Japan in the Chinese Tribute System,” ''Sea Rovers, Silver, and Samurai'', eds. Tonio Andrade and Xing Hang, U Hawaii Press (2016), 356.</ref> He was formally invested by the Manchu leader [[Hong Taiji]] that same year. Injo's heir, [[Prince Sohyeon]], taken prisoner during the fighting and brought to the [[Qing dynasty|Later Jin dynasty]] capital at [[Mukden]], was invested by the Later Jin as crown prince of Joseon two years later, in [[1639]].<ref>Bumjin Koo, "Languages of the Qing Investiture Letters for Chosŏn

before the Conquest of China," talk given at HMC Seminar, University of Tokyo, 29 Nov 2019.</ref>

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