*Whereas in earlier times attendants and servants were generally hereditary, by the 18th century, it had become quite common to hire attendants or servants on a short-term basis; this connects into a phenomenon discussed by Amy Stanley, of many people coming to Edo seasonally, incl. esp. from places like Echigo, to find work. (see Rebecca Corbett, Cultivating Femininity: Women and Tea Culture in Edo and Meiji Japan, University of Hawaii Press (2018), 122; Amy Stanley, upcoming work on Tsuneno and travel).
*Thomas B. Van Buren was American consul general in Yokohama in 1880.
*Thomas B. Van Buren was American consul general in Yokohama in 1880.