Changes

The Satsuma ''zaiban bugyô'' (resident magistrate) stationed in the main Okinawan port city of [[Naha]] was officially described in Satsuma documents as a ''[[metsuke]]'' (inspector). He and his staff of roughly 100 men from Satsuma oversaw activities in Ryûkyû, conveying orders and other messages from the daimyô, and reporting back whether the kingdom was behaving in accord with Satsuma's interests and edicts. He and his staff were explicitly required to limit their interactions with Ryukyuans as much as possible, and politically or administratively had only minimal influence on Ryûkyû's domestic affairs; it was chiefly in the fields of foreign relations, enforcing the ban on [[Christianity in Ryukyu|Christianity]], and matters of crime and punishment, that the ''zaiban bugyô'' exercised any significant degree of power or influence, and then, of course, only in accord with his orders from Satsuma.

The Satsuma ''zaiban bugyô'' (resident magistrate) stationed in the main Okinawan port city of [[Naha]] was officially described in Satsuma documents as a ''[[metsuke]]'' (inspector). He and his staff of roughly 100 men from Satsuma oversaw activities in Ryûkyû, conveying orders and other messages from the daimyô, and reporting back whether the kingdom was behaving in accord with Satsuma's interests and edicts. He and his staff were explicitly required to limit their interactions with Ryukyuans as much as possible, and politically or administratively had only minimal influence on Ryûkyû's domestic affairs; it was chiefly in the fields of foreign relations, enforcing the ban on [[Christianity in Ryukyu|Christianity]], and matters of crime and punishment, that the ''zaiban bugyô'' exercised any significant degree of power or influence, and then, of course, only in accord with his orders from Satsuma.

The position was created in [[1631]], with [[Kawakami Matazaemon]] serving as the first ''zaiban bugyô''.<ref>''Ryûkyû shisetsu, Edo he iku!'' 琉球使節、江戸へ行く！, Okinawa Prefectural Museum (2009), 47.</ref> His successors typically held the position for terms of just two years, before returning to Kagoshima and being replaced by a new ''zaiban bugyô''.<ref name=liao>Liao Zhenpei 廖真珮, "Ryûkyû kyûtei ni okeru Chûgoku kei ongaku no ensô to denshô" 琉球宮廷における中国系音楽の演奏と伝承, in ''Uzagaku no fukugen ni mukete'' 御座楽の復元に向けて, Naha, Okinawa: Uzagaku fukugen ensô kenkyûkai 御座楽復元演奏研究会 (2007), 100.</ref>

The position was created in [[1631]], with [[Kawakami Tadamichi|Kawakami Matazaemon Tadamichi]] serving as the first ''zaiban bugyô''.<ref>''Ryûkyû shisetsu, Edo he iku!'' 琉球使節、江戸へ行く！, Okinawa Prefectural Museum (2009), 47.</ref> His successors typically held the position for terms of just two years, before returning to Kagoshima and being replaced by a new ''zaiban bugyô''.<ref name=liao>Liao Zhenpei 廖真珮, "Ryûkyû kyûtei ni okeru Chûgoku kei ongaku no ensô to denshô" 琉球宮廷における中国系音楽の演奏と伝承, in ''Uzagaku no fukugen ni mukete'' 御座楽の復元に向けて, Naha, Okinawa: Uzagaku fukugen ensô kenkyûkai 御座楽復元演奏研究会 (2007), 100.</ref>

The staff of the ''zaiban bugyôsho'' (resident magistrate's office), numbering roughly 100 men altogether, included four ''[[yoriki]]'' (low-ranking samurai), several ''tsuke-yakunin'' (attachés), and a number of ''[[yokome]]'' (censors); some of these ''yokome'' were assigned to outlying islands, to keep an eye on goings-on there, on behalf of the ''zaiban bugyô''. Most of these men served only for periods of three years, before returning to Satsuma and being replaced by a new batch of officials. They were lodged in a series of residences called the ''zaiban kariya'' or ''ôkariya'' (O: ''ufukaiya'') located along the same street along with the office, in the Nishi district of Naha, on the western edge of Ukishima. Two Ryukyuan officials known as the ''okariya-no-kami'' (O: ''ukaiya mui'') and ''okariya-no-kami bettô'' (O: ''ukaiya mui bettô'') also aided in the administration of the office.<ref>''Naha shizoku no isshô'' 那覇士族の一生 (Naha: Naha City Museum of History, 2010), 14.</ref> From the late 18th century onward, an additional official, called the ''tôbutsuhô'', oversaw the import of Chinese goods into Ryûkyû, and in particular their sale to Satsuma.<ref>Tomiyama Kazuyuki, “Ryukyu Kingdom Diplomacy with Japan and the Ming and Qing Dynasties,” Ishihara Masahide et al (eds.), ''Self-determinable Development of Small Islands'', Singapore: Springer Publishing (2016), 58.</ref>

The staff of the ''zaiban bugyôsho'' (resident magistrate's office), numbering roughly 100 men altogether, included four ''[[yoriki]]'' (low-ranking samurai), several ''tsuke-yakunin'' (attachés), and a number of ''[[yokome]]'' (censors); some of these ''yokome'' were assigned to outlying islands, to keep an eye on goings-on there, on behalf of the ''zaiban bugyô''. Most of these men served only for periods of three years, before returning to Satsuma and being replaced by a new batch of officials. They were lodged in a series of residences called the ''zaiban kariya'' or ''ôkariya'' (O: ''ufukaiya'') located along the same street along with the office, in the Nishi district of Naha, on the western edge of Ukishima. Two Ryukyuan officials known as the ''okariya-no-kami'' (O: ''ukaiya mui'') and ''okariya-no-kami bettô'' (O: ''ukaiya mui bettô'') also aided in the administration of the office.<ref>''Naha shizoku no isshô'' 那覇士族の一生 (Naha: Naha City Museum of History, 2010), 14.</ref> From the late 18th century onward, an additional official, called the ''tôbutsuhô'', oversaw the import of Chinese goods into Ryûkyû, and in particular their sale to Satsuma.<ref>Tomiyama Kazuyuki, “Ryukyu Kingdom Diplomacy with Japan and the Ming and Qing Dynasties,” Ishihara Masahide et al (eds.), ''Self-determinable Development of Small Islands'', Singapore: Springer Publishing (2016), 58.</ref>