Changes

Though the categories of ''shinpan'', ''fudai'', and ''tozama'' are quite standard in scholarship today, in the Edo period, ''daimyô'' were more typically categorized and regarded by a variety of different metrics of rank or status. These included ''kokudaka'', [[court ranks|court rank]], relationship with the Tokugawa family, for the lower-ranking ''daimyô'' whether one had a [[castle]] or had one's domain based at a ''[[jin'ya]]'', and finally, by which waiting room in [[Edo castle]] one was assigned to. ''Daimyô'' of different ranks & categories were associated with different waiting rooms, where one would wait until called into the audience hall. For more details on waiting room assignments, see [[Edo castle#Omote|Edo castle]].<ref>Futaki Ken'ichi 二木謙一, ''Buke girei kakushiki no kenkyû'' 「武家儀礼格式の研究」, Yoshikawa Kobunkan (2003), 381.</ref>

Though the categories of ''shinpan'', ''fudai'', and ''tozama'' are quite standard in scholarship today, in the Edo period, ''daimyô'' were more typically categorized and regarded by a variety of different metrics of rank or status. These included ''kokudaka'', [[court ranks|court rank]], relationship with the Tokugawa family, for the lower-ranking ''daimyô'' whether one had a [[castle]] or had one's domain based at a ''[[jin'ya]]'', and finally, by which waiting room in [[Edo castle]] one was assigned to. ''Daimyô'' of different ranks & categories were associated with different waiting rooms, where one would wait until called into the audience hall. For more details on waiting room assignments, see [[Edo castle#Omote|Edo castle]].<ref>Futaki Ken'ichi 二木謙一, ''Buke girei kakushiki no kenkyû'' 「武家儀礼格式の研究」, Yoshikawa Kobunkan (2003), 381.</ref>

===Fudai Daimyo===

====Fudai Daimyo====

Fudai daimyo were, with a few exceptions, vassals of Ieyasu before 1600 and their descendants. They included those who became daimyo during the Edo period,  mostly bureaucrats whose stipend was raised to 10,000 koku. Relatives of Ieyasu, most of whom were allowed to use his original name of Matsudaira, were also included in this class.  

Fudai daimyo were, with a few exceptions, vassals of Ieyasu before 1600 and their descendants. They included those who became daimyo during the Edo period,  mostly bureaucrats whose stipend was raised to 10,000 koku. Relatives of Ieyasu, most of whom were allowed to use his original name of Matsudaira, were also included in this class.  

The fudai daimyo, especially the lesser ones, and the hereditary vassals below daimyo rank were the bureaucracy of the shogunate. For many of the bureaucrats, their "han" were scattered pieces of land whose total income made up the required amount.

The fudai daimyo, especially the lesser ones, and the hereditary vassals below daimyo rank were the bureaucracy of the shogunate. For many of the bureaucrats, their "han" were scattered pieces of land whose total income made up the required amount.

===Tozama Daimyo===

====Tozama Daimyo====

Tozama daimyo were daimyo who had not been vassals of Ieyasu in 1600 and their descendants. Many of them, especially the greater ones, had close ties with the shogunate, including marriage ties, but they did not take part in the bureaucracy or concern themselves with national affairs, at least publicly. When in Edo, they presented themselves at court on stated occasions and sometimes were given special duties. Thus they could devote themselves to the affairs of their fief for the most part, even when in Edo. However, at the end of the Edo period the foreign threat drew them into national affairs, especially when [[Abe Masahiro]] started consulting them.

Tozama daimyo were daimyo who had not been vassals of Ieyasu in 1600 and their descendants. Many of them, especially the greater ones, had close ties with the shogunate, including marriage ties, but they did not take part in the bureaucracy or concern themselves with national affairs, at least publicly. When in Edo, they presented themselves at court on stated occasions and sometimes were given special duties. Thus they could devote themselves to the affairs of their fief for the most part, even when in Edo. However, at the end of the Edo period the foreign threat drew them into national affairs, especially when [[Abe Masahiro]] started consulting them.

The tozama daimyo were divided into two groups,  those who had come into prominence under [[Oda Nobunaga]] or [[Toyotomi Hideyoshi]],'' shokuhô'' 織豊 daimyo such as Maeda, Hosokawa, Kuroda, Asano, Yamanouchi, Sengoku, etc., and the "Old families" ''kyûzoku'' 旧族 who had been prominent before, such as Date, Shimazu, Môri, Uesugi, Nabeshima, Sô, etc.  <ref>Hideyoshi had divided daimyo into fudai and tozama shortly before his death. "The fudai were those vassals who entered Toyotomi service young, voluntarily, without large holdings and during the early phases of Hideyoshi's career. The tozama, daimyo with independent land bases, submitted to the Toyotomi following alliance, negotiation, or defeat." ([[Mary Berry]], ''Hideyoshi,'' Harvard University Press, 1982, p. 68) Though I have not seen Hideyoshi's list, his fudai and tozama daimyo probably corresponded closely to the Edo Period Shokuhô/Kyûzoku distinction.</ref>  

The tozama daimyo were divided into two groups,  those who had come into prominence under [[Oda Nobunaga]] or [[Toyotomi Hideyoshi]],'' shokuhô'' 織豊 daimyo such as Maeda, Hosokawa, Kuroda, Asano, Yamanouchi, Sengoku, etc., and the "Old families" ''kyûzoku'' 旧族 who had been prominent before, such as Date, Shimazu, Môri, Uesugi, Nabeshima, Sô, etc.  <ref>Hideyoshi had divided daimyo into fudai and tozama shortly before his death. "The fudai were those vassals who entered Toyotomi service young, voluntarily, without large holdings and during the early phases of Hideyoshi's career. The tozama, daimyo with independent land bases, submitted to the Toyotomi following alliance, negotiation, or defeat." ([[Mary Berry]], ''Hideyoshi,'' Harvard University Press, 1982, p. 68) Though I have not seen Hideyoshi's list, his fudai and tozama daimyo probably corresponded closely to the Edo Period Shokuhô/Kyûzoku distinction.</ref>  

===Shinpan Daimyo===

====Shinpan Daimyo====

These were descendants of Ieyasu. They were in theory advisors to the shogun, but they did not have a place in the bureaucracy. One main purpose was to provide an heir to the shogunate if necessary.

These were descendants of Ieyasu. They were in theory advisors to the shogun, but they did not have a place in the bureaucracy. One main purpose was to provide an heir to the shogunate if necessary.