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One of the chief central commercial districts of the city, today known as Tenmonkan, can be said to trace its history as such back to [[1615]], when [[Shimazu Iehisa]] designated forty-eight merchants, including fishmongers, salt sellers, and the like, to establish a market. Known originally as Nayashû (納屋衆), the market later came to be known as Nayanbaa (納屋馬場), and from the [[Meiji period]] up through 1935, when a new "Central Market" (''chûô ichiba'') was established, Nayanbaa remained the chief fish market for the city's residents. Today, Naya-dôri remains one of the major avenues in the broader Tenmonkan district, filled with shops, restaurants, and the like. The district takes its name from the [[Tenmonkan]], an astronomical observatory and research center originally begun as the Meijikan by [[Shimazu Shigehide]] in [[1779]]. At that time, the district was one of samurai residences, surrounded by high stone walls; reception halls known as the Hanaoka yashiki and Otsukiya were also located within the district.<ref>Signs and plaques on-site in Tenmonkan & Naya-dôri areas.</ref> During the Taishô period, Tenmonkan became the center of Taishô urban culture in Kagoshima, with cafés, jazz bars, and cinemas.<ref name=reimei/>
 
One of the chief central commercial districts of the city, today known as Tenmonkan, can be said to trace its history as such back to [[1615]], when [[Shimazu Iehisa]] designated forty-eight merchants, including fishmongers, salt sellers, and the like, to establish a market. Known originally as Nayashû (納屋衆), the market later came to be known as Nayanbaa (納屋馬場), and from the [[Meiji period]] up through 1935, when a new "Central Market" (''chûô ichiba'') was established, Nayanbaa remained the chief fish market for the city's residents. Today, Naya-dôri remains one of the major avenues in the broader Tenmonkan district, filled with shops, restaurants, and the like. The district takes its name from the [[Tenmonkan]], an astronomical observatory and research center originally begun as the Meijikan by [[Shimazu Shigehide]] in [[1779]]. At that time, the district was one of samurai residences, surrounded by high stone walls; reception halls known as the Hanaoka yashiki and Otsukiya were also located within the district.<ref>Signs and plaques on-site in Tenmonkan & Naya-dôri areas.</ref> During the Taishô period, Tenmonkan became the center of Taishô urban culture in Kagoshima, with cafés, jazz bars, and cinemas.<ref name=reimei/>
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The city was provided with fresh water via a series of pipes as early as [[1723]], when [[Shimazu Tsugutoyo]] oversaw the construction of waterworks connected the Hiyamizu spring at the northern end of Shiroyama (near the castle) with the castle-town below. The spring had been praised by ''[[Kanpaku]]'' [[Konoe Nobusuke]] (d. [[1614]]), and its naturally cool waters were known as "Konoe water" (''Konoe no mizu'') from then on. This system of waterworks was expanded under [[Shimazu Narioki]] in [[1839]].<ref>"Konoe Water," plaque at Shiroyama, Kagoshima.[https://www.flickr.com/photos/toranosuke/15046806219/]</ref>
    
In the 1840s, Shimazu ''[[karo|karô]]'' [[Zusho Shozaemon|Zusho Shôzaemon]] had [[Iwanaga Sangoro|Iwanaga Sangorô]], a stonemason from [[Higo province]], oversee the project of building five now-famous stone bridges across the Kôtsuki River<!--甲突川-->, which runs through the middle of the city. While Shinkanbashi (新上橋, 1845) and Takenohashi (武之橋, 1848) were severely damaged by floods in 1993, the other three bridges - Kôraibashi (高麗橋, 1847), Nishidabashi (西田橋, 1846), and Tamaebashi (玉江橋, 1849) - survive today, and have been relocated to Gionnosu Park, where they are maintained as cultural properties of architectural heritage.<ref>Plaque at original location of Kôraibashi, along Kôtsuki River History Road 甲突川歴史ロード 維新ふるさとの道, Kagoshima.[https://www.flickr.com/photos/toranosuke/21519316706/sizes/o/]</ref>
 
In the 1840s, Shimazu ''[[karo|karô]]'' [[Zusho Shozaemon|Zusho Shôzaemon]] had [[Iwanaga Sangoro|Iwanaga Sangorô]], a stonemason from [[Higo province]], oversee the project of building five now-famous stone bridges across the Kôtsuki River<!--甲突川-->, which runs through the middle of the city. While Shinkanbashi (新上橋, 1845) and Takenohashi (武之橋, 1848) were severely damaged by floods in 1993, the other three bridges - Kôraibashi (高麗橋, 1847), Nishidabashi (西田橋, 1846), and Tamaebashi (玉江橋, 1849) - survive today, and have been relocated to Gionnosu Park, where they are maintained as cultural properties of architectural heritage.<ref>Plaque at original location of Kôraibashi, along Kôtsuki River History Road 甲突川歴史ロード 維新ふるさとの道, Kagoshima.[https://www.flickr.com/photos/toranosuke/21519316706/sizes/o/]</ref>
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