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Jump to navigationJump to searchCreated page with "*''Japanese'': 樺太 ''(Karafuto)'' Sakhalin, or Karafuto in Japanese, is an island directly north of Hokkaidô, which stretches north alongside the eastern coa..."
*''Japanese'': 樺太 ''(Karafuto)''
Sakhalin, or Karafuto in Japanese, is an island directly north of [[Hokkaido|Hokkaidô]], which stretches north alongside the eastern coast of Russia's Khabarovsk Krai. It is separated from the Asian mainland by the Straits of Tartary (''Mamiya kaikyô'' in Japanese, after [[Mamiya Rinzo|Mamiya Rinzô]], the first Japanese to survey the island, in [[1808]]).<ref>Plaques on-site at Mamiya's grave, 2-7-8 Hirano, Kôtô-ku, Tokyo.[https://www.flickr.com/photos/toranosuke/19025158250/sizes/l]</ref>
The chief indigenous peoples of the island are the Sakhalin [[Ainu]] and the [[Nivkh]]. These people had close ties with the Ainu of Ezo (Hokkaidô) and other nearby regions, and shared many cultural similarities. Those on Sakhalin are known for their dog breeding, and use of dogs for pulling sleds and as hunting companions, as well as for furs, skins, and meat. Though located on the peripheries of both Russian and Japanese territory, the peoples of the island were well-engaged in local regional trade with Russians, Japanese, Chinese, and various fellow indigenous peoples. When a Dutch crew arrived on the island in [[1643]], they were surprised to find the natives calling them "Spanola" (i.e. Spanish), an indication of the natives' familiarity with other foreign peoples.
Local samurai power-holders in [[Ezo]] began receiving tribute from (some of) the [[Ainu]] of Sakhalin as early as [[1475]]. No Japanese trading post or other formal presence on the island would be established until [[1790]], however. By [[1805]], a second trading post had been established. Shortly prior to that, [[Hayashi Shihei|Hayashi Shihei's]] [[1785]] ''[[Sangoku tsuran zusetsu|Sangoku tsûran zusetsu]]'' includes a map which is likely the first in Japan to use color to distinguish Tokugawa Japan from other countries. On this map, Sakhalin is represented in yellow, along with the Kurils and most of Ezo, in contrast to Japanese territory in blue, and Russia in red.<ref>Tessa Morris-Suzuki, ''Re-Inventing Japan: Time, Space, Nation''. M.E. Sharpe (1998), 23.; [[Hayashi Shihei]]. ''Sangoku tsûran zusetsu''. Edo, 1785. University of Hawaii Hamilton Library Sakamaki-Hawley Collection. HW 552-553.</ref>
The arrival of Russian ships at Sakhalin and some of the [[Kuril Islands]] in [[1806]] again inspired the shogunate to take action against Russian encroachment; they declared western Ezo and southern Sakhalin to be shogunal territory (''tenryô''). [[Mamiya Rinzo|Mamiya Rinzô]] explored and surveyed the island in [[1808]] to an extent no Japanese had ever done before, and in the process discovered (or confirmed) that it is in fact an island, and not a peninsula of the Asian mainland.
Agents of the [[Russia-America Company]] again landed on the island in [[1854]], this time claiming it under the doctrine of ''terra nullius'' (i.e. that essentially no one was living there, and that it is therefore free for the taking). The following year, the [[Treaty of Shimoda]] resolved Russian/Japanese disputes over the Kuril Islands and some other territories, while the case of Sakhalin was left undetermined. Even so, this is significant as the first treaty which formally established Japanese national borders in the modern sense at all, even if only in the Kurils.<ref>Mitani Hiroshi, David Noble (trans.), ''Escape from Impasse'', International House of Japan (2006), 247-250, 292.</ref> A further agreement in [[1875]] resolved this, for the time being at least, with Japan taking all of the Kurils, and renouncing any claims to Sakhalin (which was thus left to Russia).
Sakhalin was the site of [[Battle of Karafuto|the last land battle]] of the [[Russo-Japanese War]]. In treaty negotiations following the war, Russia rejected Japanese demands for rights to all of Sakhalin. In he final agreement, the [[1905]] [[Treaty of Portsmouth]], Russia still ceded the southern portion of the island. A major [[Shinto shrine]], called [[Karafuto Shrine]], was established there in [[1912]]. Southern Sakhalin remained part of the Japanese Empire until the very last days of World War II, when the Soviet Union finally began attacking Japanese territory.
{{stub}}
==References==
<references/>
[[Category:Geographic Locations]]
[[Category:Bakumatsu]]
[[Category:Meiji Period]]
Sakhalin, or Karafuto in Japanese, is an island directly north of [[Hokkaido|Hokkaidô]], which stretches north alongside the eastern coast of Russia's Khabarovsk Krai. It is separated from the Asian mainland by the Straits of Tartary (''Mamiya kaikyô'' in Japanese, after [[Mamiya Rinzo|Mamiya Rinzô]], the first Japanese to survey the island, in [[1808]]).<ref>Plaques on-site at Mamiya's grave, 2-7-8 Hirano, Kôtô-ku, Tokyo.[https://www.flickr.com/photos/toranosuke/19025158250/sizes/l]</ref>
The chief indigenous peoples of the island are the Sakhalin [[Ainu]] and the [[Nivkh]]. These people had close ties with the Ainu of Ezo (Hokkaidô) and other nearby regions, and shared many cultural similarities. Those on Sakhalin are known for their dog breeding, and use of dogs for pulling sleds and as hunting companions, as well as for furs, skins, and meat. Though located on the peripheries of both Russian and Japanese territory, the peoples of the island were well-engaged in local regional trade with Russians, Japanese, Chinese, and various fellow indigenous peoples. When a Dutch crew arrived on the island in [[1643]], they were surprised to find the natives calling them "Spanola" (i.e. Spanish), an indication of the natives' familiarity with other foreign peoples.
Local samurai power-holders in [[Ezo]] began receiving tribute from (some of) the [[Ainu]] of Sakhalin as early as [[1475]]. No Japanese trading post or other formal presence on the island would be established until [[1790]], however. By [[1805]], a second trading post had been established. Shortly prior to that, [[Hayashi Shihei|Hayashi Shihei's]] [[1785]] ''[[Sangoku tsuran zusetsu|Sangoku tsûran zusetsu]]'' includes a map which is likely the first in Japan to use color to distinguish Tokugawa Japan from other countries. On this map, Sakhalin is represented in yellow, along with the Kurils and most of Ezo, in contrast to Japanese territory in blue, and Russia in red.<ref>Tessa Morris-Suzuki, ''Re-Inventing Japan: Time, Space, Nation''. M.E. Sharpe (1998), 23.; [[Hayashi Shihei]]. ''Sangoku tsûran zusetsu''. Edo, 1785. University of Hawaii Hamilton Library Sakamaki-Hawley Collection. HW 552-553.</ref>
The arrival of Russian ships at Sakhalin and some of the [[Kuril Islands]] in [[1806]] again inspired the shogunate to take action against Russian encroachment; they declared western Ezo and southern Sakhalin to be shogunal territory (''tenryô''). [[Mamiya Rinzo|Mamiya Rinzô]] explored and surveyed the island in [[1808]] to an extent no Japanese had ever done before, and in the process discovered (or confirmed) that it is in fact an island, and not a peninsula of the Asian mainland.
Agents of the [[Russia-America Company]] again landed on the island in [[1854]], this time claiming it under the doctrine of ''terra nullius'' (i.e. that essentially no one was living there, and that it is therefore free for the taking). The following year, the [[Treaty of Shimoda]] resolved Russian/Japanese disputes over the Kuril Islands and some other territories, while the case of Sakhalin was left undetermined. Even so, this is significant as the first treaty which formally established Japanese national borders in the modern sense at all, even if only in the Kurils.<ref>Mitani Hiroshi, David Noble (trans.), ''Escape from Impasse'', International House of Japan (2006), 247-250, 292.</ref> A further agreement in [[1875]] resolved this, for the time being at least, with Japan taking all of the Kurils, and renouncing any claims to Sakhalin (which was thus left to Russia).
Sakhalin was the site of [[Battle of Karafuto|the last land battle]] of the [[Russo-Japanese War]]. In treaty negotiations following the war, Russia rejected Japanese demands for rights to all of Sakhalin. In he final agreement, the [[1905]] [[Treaty of Portsmouth]], Russia still ceded the southern portion of the island. A major [[Shinto shrine]], called [[Karafuto Shrine]], was established there in [[1912]]. Southern Sakhalin remained part of the Japanese Empire until the very last days of World War II, when the Soviet Union finally began attacking Japanese territory.
{{stub}}
==References==
<references/>
[[Category:Geographic Locations]]
[[Category:Bakumatsu]]
[[Category:Meiji Period]]
