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*''Japanese'': 茶道 ''(sadou, chadou)''
Tea ceremony is one of the most famous Japanese traditional arts. Originally a relatively un-ritualized element of elite banquets, it became formalized into an art in the late 16th century (the [[Azuchi-Momoyama period]]), and came to be promoted as a key part of Japanese traditional culture in the [[Meiji period]].
==History==
Tea may have been first introduced to Japan in [[805]] by [[Saicho|Saichô]], who also introduced [[Tendai]] Buddhism. Tea only first gained popularity in China around one hundred years earlier.<ref>Gallery labels, Asian Art Museum, San Francisco.</ref> Powdered tea, like that most typically used in tea ceremony, was then introduced alongside [[Rinzai]] [[Zen]] by [[Eisai]], in [[1191]].<ref>Conrad Schirokauer, David Lurie, and Suzanne Gay, ''A Brief History of Japanese Civilization'', Wadsworth Cengage (2013), 81.</ref> However, it was not until the [[Muromachi period]] that tea ceremony as a practice really has its origins.
===Muromachi===
Emerging in the early Muromachi period, tea ceremony was originally just one of a number of activities in which samurai, court nobles, and other elites engaged at elegant but raucous banquets. It began to transform into a more subdued and refined art over the course of that period, however, influencing (and being influenced by) changes in the design or structure of the tearoom itself. These changes to the tearoom were profoundly influential in the history of Japanese architecture; in conjunction with certain other developments, they contributed to the development of the ''[[tokonoma]]'' (an alcove in which seasonally and thematically appropriate paintings and flowers are displayed, helping to set a tone for one's guest), and of features such as the ''[[chigaidana]]'' (a stepped, asymmetrical shelf).
It was with the influence of [[Sen no Rikyu|Sen no Rikyû]] in the late 16th century that tea ceremony came to be considerably toned down, associated with the aesthetic values of ''[[wabi]]'' and ''[[sabi]]'', and formalized into a ritual activity.
Tea was employed by many ''daimyô'' of the time, including [[Oda Nobunaga]] and most especially by [[Toyotomi Hideyoshi]], as a mark of refinement and cultivation. To that end, Hideyoshi held a [[Grand Kitano Tea Ceremony]] in [[1587]], and also built a tea room in which every surface, and every tea implement, was covered in [[gold foil]], showing off his wealth and power at the same time that he demonstrated his deep involvement in cultural pursuits.
===Edo===
The [[Urasenke]] and [[Omotesenke]] schools of tea ceremony which, along with the [[Mushanokoji senke|Mushanokôji senke]], dominate the world of tea ceremony today, were founded in [[1646]].
In the 18th century, many Sinophile [[literati]] enjoyed a Chinese-style ''[[sencha]]'' tea ceremony, as promoted by [[Baisao|Baisaô]] among others.<ref>Gallery labels, "Itô Jakuchû and Baisaô - Chrysanthemums and Rock," LACMA, 30 Nov 2012.</ref>
===Meiji===
The [[1872 Kyoto Exposition]] saw the introduction of ''ryûrei'', a form of tea ceremony performed seated in chairs around a table, thus making it both more accessible & attractive to Westerners, and more accommodating to the Westernized decor, furnishings, and lifestyle of Meiji Japan.
==Ceremony==
{{stub}}
==References==
<references/>
[[Category:Culture]]
Tea ceremony is one of the most famous Japanese traditional arts. Originally a relatively un-ritualized element of elite banquets, it became formalized into an art in the late 16th century (the [[Azuchi-Momoyama period]]), and came to be promoted as a key part of Japanese traditional culture in the [[Meiji period]].
==History==
Tea may have been first introduced to Japan in [[805]] by [[Saicho|Saichô]], who also introduced [[Tendai]] Buddhism. Tea only first gained popularity in China around one hundred years earlier.<ref>Gallery labels, Asian Art Museum, San Francisco.</ref> Powdered tea, like that most typically used in tea ceremony, was then introduced alongside [[Rinzai]] [[Zen]] by [[Eisai]], in [[1191]].<ref>Conrad Schirokauer, David Lurie, and Suzanne Gay, ''A Brief History of Japanese Civilization'', Wadsworth Cengage (2013), 81.</ref> However, it was not until the [[Muromachi period]] that tea ceremony as a practice really has its origins.
===Muromachi===
Emerging in the early Muromachi period, tea ceremony was originally just one of a number of activities in which samurai, court nobles, and other elites engaged at elegant but raucous banquets. It began to transform into a more subdued and refined art over the course of that period, however, influencing (and being influenced by) changes in the design or structure of the tearoom itself. These changes to the tearoom were profoundly influential in the history of Japanese architecture; in conjunction with certain other developments, they contributed to the development of the ''[[tokonoma]]'' (an alcove in which seasonally and thematically appropriate paintings and flowers are displayed, helping to set a tone for one's guest), and of features such as the ''[[chigaidana]]'' (a stepped, asymmetrical shelf).
It was with the influence of [[Sen no Rikyu|Sen no Rikyû]] in the late 16th century that tea ceremony came to be considerably toned down, associated with the aesthetic values of ''[[wabi]]'' and ''[[sabi]]'', and formalized into a ritual activity.
Tea was employed by many ''daimyô'' of the time, including [[Oda Nobunaga]] and most especially by [[Toyotomi Hideyoshi]], as a mark of refinement and cultivation. To that end, Hideyoshi held a [[Grand Kitano Tea Ceremony]] in [[1587]], and also built a tea room in which every surface, and every tea implement, was covered in [[gold foil]], showing off his wealth and power at the same time that he demonstrated his deep involvement in cultural pursuits.
===Edo===
The [[Urasenke]] and [[Omotesenke]] schools of tea ceremony which, along with the [[Mushanokoji senke|Mushanokôji senke]], dominate the world of tea ceremony today, were founded in [[1646]].
In the 18th century, many Sinophile [[literati]] enjoyed a Chinese-style ''[[sencha]]'' tea ceremony, as promoted by [[Baisao|Baisaô]] among others.<ref>Gallery labels, "Itô Jakuchû and Baisaô - Chrysanthemums and Rock," LACMA, 30 Nov 2012.</ref>
===Meiji===
The [[1872 Kyoto Exposition]] saw the introduction of ''ryûrei'', a form of tea ceremony performed seated in chairs around a table, thus making it both more accessible & attractive to Westerners, and more accommodating to the Westernized decor, furnishings, and lifestyle of Meiji Japan.
==Ceremony==
{{stub}}
==References==
<references/>
[[Category:Culture]]
