Changes

==Logistics & Ritual Performance==

==Logistics & Ritual Performance==

Each mission was led by a civil official, usually of the third rank (in the Korean court hierarchy), and consisted of roughly 350-500 Koreans,<ref>The smallest Korea mission consisted of roughly 300 people. Lillehoj. p102.; Robert Hellyer, ''Defining Engagement'', Harvard University Press (2009), 44.</ref> and roughly 1500 Japanese escorts from [[Tsushima han]], the [[han|domain]] which managed Japan-Korea relations in this period. From [[1655]] onwards, all of the missions were sent, nominally, to congratulate a new shogun on his succession; unlike was the case with the Ryûkyû Kingdom, Korea did not send missions upon the succession of their own kings in order to request any sort of ritual acknowledgement or recognition of their new king.

Each mission was led by a civil official, usually of the third rank (in the Korean court hierarchy), and consisted of roughly 350-500 Koreans,<ref>The smallest Korea mission consisted of roughly 300 people. Lillehoj. p102.; Robert Hellyer, ''Defining Engagement'', Harvard University Press (2009), 44.; The missions left Korea with an average of 485, leaving some of their men at Tsushima or Osaka, and entered Edo with an average of 395 men. Toby, "Carnival of the Aliens," 424.</ref> and roughly 1500 Japanese escorts from [[Tsushima han]], the [[han|domain]] which managed Japan-Korea relations in this period. From [[1655]] onwards, all of the missions were sent, nominally, to congratulate a new shogun on his succession; unlike was the case with the Ryûkyû Kingdom, Korea did not send missions upon the succession of their own kings in order to request any sort of ritual acknowledgement or recognition of their new king.

All but the last mission traveled to Edo, going via Tsushima, through the [[Inland Sea]] to [[Osaka]], and then overland from there; the 1811 mission only journeyed as far as Tsushima.

All but the last mission traveled to Edo, going via Tsushima, through the [[Inland Sea]] to [[Osaka]], and then overland from there; the 1811 mission only journeyed as far as Tsushima.

*1607 - The first formal ''tongsingsa'' mission travels to Japan. The mission is led by Ryeo Ugil (aka Chiwon <!--呂祐吉、号：癡湲-->, with Vice Envoy Gyeong-seom (aka Chil-song)<!--慶暹、号：七松-->, and Secretary (''[[jongsagwan]]''<!--従事官-->) Jeong Ho-sil (aka Il-chwi)<!--丁好實、号：一翠-->.<ref>''Shirarezaru Ryûkyû shisetsu'' 知られざる琉球使節, Fukuyama-shi Tomonoura rekishi minzoku shiryôkan (2006), 92.</ref> Many members of the mission are former samurai who, after surrendering to Korean forces during Hideyoshi's invasions, were permitted to take Korean names and to assimilate into Korean society, becoming either court officials of some sort, or soldiers (warriors) in service to the court.

*1607 - The first formal ''tongsingsa'' mission travels to Japan. The mission is led by Ryeo Ugil (aka Chiwon <!--呂祐吉、号：癡湲-->, with Vice Envoy Gyeong-seom (aka Chil-song)<!--慶暹、号：七松-->, and Secretary (''[[jongsagwan]]''<!--従事官-->) Jeong Ho-sil (aka Il-chwi)<!--丁好實、号：一翠-->.<ref>''Shirarezaru Ryûkyû shisetsu'' 知られざる琉球使節, Fukuyama-shi Tomonoura rekishi minzoku shiryôkan (2006), 92.</ref> Many members of the mission are former samurai who, after surrendering to Korean forces during Hideyoshi's invasions, were permitted to take Korean names and to assimilate into Korean society, becoming either court officials of some sort, or soldiers (warriors) in service to the court.

*1617 - A Korean mission meets with Tokugawa Hidetada in Kyoto. [[Hayashi Razan]] is among those invited to attend the reception.

*1617 - A Korean mission meets with Tokugawa Hidetada in Kyoto. [[Hayashi Razan]] is among those invited to attend the reception.

*1624 - A mission travels to Edo.

*1624 - A mission travels to Edo. Led by [[Chong Ip|Chŏng Ip]], it is the smallest of the missions, involving only 300 members.<ref>Toby, "Carnival of the Aliens," 424.</ref>

*1636 - A mission led by [[Im Kwang]] travels to Edo and to [[Nikko Toshogu|Nikkô Tôshôgû]]. Among the terms discussed is the frequency of ''munwigwam'' missions to [[Tsushima han|Tsushima]].

*1636 - A mission led by [[Im Kwang]] travels to Edo and to [[Nikko Toshogu|Nikkô Tôshôgû]]. Among the terms discussed is the frequency of ''munwigwam'' missions to [[Tsushima han|Tsushima]].

*1643 - The mission is led by [[Yun Sunji]] and consists of 462 members. It is sent nominally to congratulate the shogunate on the birth of a shogunal heir ([[Tokugawa Ietsuna]] was born in [[1641]]). The envoys travel to Nikkô Tôshôgû, where they present a temple bell as a gift from [[King Injo]], cast on the orders of the shogunate. The bell continues to hang at the Yômeimon in [[Nikko|Nikkô]] today.

*1643 - The mission is led by [[Yun Sunji]] and consists of 462 members. It is sent nominally to congratulate the shogunate on the birth of a shogunal heir ([[Tokugawa Ietsuna]] was born in [[1641]]). The envoys travel to Nikkô Tôshôgû, where they present a temple bell as a gift from [[King Injo]], cast on the orders of the shogunate. The bell continues to hang at the Yômeimon in [[Nikko|Nikkô]] today.

*1655 - The mission, led by [[Cho Hyong]] and consisting of 488 members, travels to Edo, and to Nikkô, where they present a number of lanterns for the mausoleum of [[Tokugawa Iemitsu]]; this is the last time a Korean embassy visits Nikkô.

*1655 - The mission, led by [[Cho Hyong]] and consisting of 488 members, travels to Edo, and to Nikkô, where they present a number of lanterns for the mausoleum of [[Tokugawa Iemitsu]]; this is the last time a Korean embassy visits Nikkô.

*1682 - A mission travels to Edo.

*1682 - A mission travels to Edo.

*1711 - A mission travels to Edo. It consists of 569 Koreans, plus whatever number of Tsushima officials, porters, etc.<ref>Dusinberre, 23.</ref>

*1711 - A mission travels to Edo. It consists of 569 Koreans, plus whatever number of Tsushima officials, porters, etc.<ref>Dusinberre, 23.</ref> The mission is the only one to have four interpreters, while most have three, and some only one or two. The interpreters on this mission were Ch'oe Sangjip (崔尚山＋集),<ref>The last character of this figure's name combines the two characters 山＋集, but is non-standard.</ref> Yi Sŏngnin (李碩麟), Yi Sŏngnyŏn (李松年), and Kim Sinam (金始南).<ref name=toby433>Toby, "Carnival of the Aliens," 433.</ref>

*1719 - A mission travels to Edo, staying at [[Honno-ji|Honnô-ji]] in Kyoto for one night on their way, and several more nights on their way back.

*1719 - A mission travels to Edo, staying at [[Honno-ji|Honnô-ji]] in Kyoto for one night on their way, and several more nights on their way back. The mission includes three interpreters: Pak Chaech'ang (朴再昌), Han Huyŏn (韓後瑗), and Kim T'onam (金圖南).<ref name=toby433/>

*1748 - A mission travels to Edo.

*1748 - A mission travels to Edo.

*1764 - A Korean mission travels to Edo for the last time during the Tokugawa period. The mission consists of 498 people, and their total journey takes 382 days.

*1764 - A Korean mission travels to Edo for the last time during the Tokugawa period. The mission consists of 498 people, and their total journey takes 382 days.