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*''Chinese/Japanese'': 紫禁城 ''(zǐjīnchéng / shikinjou)''
*''Chinese/Japanese'': 紫禁城 ''(zǐjīnchéng / shikinjou)''
The Forbidden City is a term often used to refer to the Chinese Imperial Palace, particularly that located in the city of [[Beijing]]. Originally built during the [[ Dynasty]], the Imperial Palace remains a prominent site at the center of the city today, and is home to the Imperial Palace Museum, among other historical sites and gardens.
The Forbidden City is a term often used to refer to the Chinese Imperial Palace, particularly that located in the city of [[Beijing]]. The Imperial Palace remains a prominent site at the center of the city today, and is home to the Imperial Palace Museum, among other historical sites and gardens.
Much of the palace was rebuilt during the reign of the [[Yongle Emperor]] in the early [[Ming Dynasty]], when the capital was returned to Beijing from [[Nanjing]].
==History==
Much of the palace was rebuilt during the reign of the [[Yongle Emperor]] (r. [[1402]]-[[1424]]) in the early [[Ming Dynasty]], when the capital was returned to Beijing from [[Nanjing]]. During the [[Qing Dynasty]], a complex of imperial yurts was erected alongside the palace, where emperors could engage in rituals and practices of [[Manchus|Manchu]] rule.
Many portions of the palace surviving today date back to the Ming Dynasty, while other portions date only back to the Qing, or to 20th century repairs or restorations. The vast compound includes the [[Qianlong Gardens]], constructed by the [[Qianlong Emperor]] (r. [[1735]]-[[1796]]) and designed in part by the [[Society of Jesus|Jesuit]] [[Giuseppe Castiglione]]. Extensive conservation work has been undertaken by the World Monuments Fund in this part of the palace since 2001. It includes the ''Juànqínzhāi'', famous for its ''trompe l'oiel'' mural paintings and indoor theatre space.
The palace was last occupied by members of the Imperial family in 1924, after which it came more completely under the control of the State.
==Layout==
The Forbidden City complex covers a massive area, and includes a great many buildings and gates.
The Hall of Supreme Harmony (太和殿, Tàihédiàn) is the largest building within the complex, and it was here that a variety of official state rituals were enacted, including the offering by officials and others (including foreign embassies) of formal New Year's greetings to the emperor. The Hall of Supreme Harmony faces south across a plaza, accessed by the Gate of Supreme Harmony (太和門, Tàihémén) on its southern side. Beyond this is the ''wǔmén'' 午門, the main southern gate of the palace. To the east and west of the Gate of Supreme Harmony stand the Dōnghuámén (東華門) & Xīhuámén (西華門) gates respectively.
To the north of the Hall of Supreme Harmony stands another large palace building, the Hall of Preserving Harmony (保和殿, Bǎohédiàn), where large banquets were often held. Beyond this was a further enclosed area, accessed by the Qiánqīngmén (乾清門), and containing the emperor's private residential quarters. Just to the west of this, outside the gates of that enclosure, stood a building known as the ''Jūnjīchǔ'' (軍機処), which housed the highest administrative organs of the Qing state.
A hall near the northwestern corner of this section of the compound was known as the ''Zhónghuágōng'' (重華宮), and was the site of certain formal banquets.
The ''Shénwǔmén'' (神武門) was the main gate on the north side of the palace.
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==References==
*Gallery labels, "Kuninda - Ryûkyû to Chûgoku no kakehashi," special exhibit, Okinawa Prefectural Museum, Sept 2014.
[[Category:Historic Buildings]]
