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*''Died: [[1662]]''
*''Other Names'': 国性爺 ''(Coxinga/Koxinga, C: Guóxìngyé, J: Kokusen'ya)'', 和唐内 ''(J: Watounai)''
*''Other Names'': 国性爺 ''(Coxinga/Koxinga, C: Guóxìngyé, J: Kokusen'ya)'', 和唐内 ''(J: Watounai)''
*''Chinese/Japanese'': [[鄭]]成功 ''(Zhèng Chéng gōng / Tei Seikou)''
*''Chinese/Japanese'': [[鄭]]成功 ''(Zhèng Chéng gōng / Tei Seikou)''
He inherited control of his father's network of maritime trade, pirate bands, and bases of operation, and after the fall of the Ming to [[Manchu]] invaders in [[1644]], put these to work rebelling against the new [[Qing Dynasty]] by attacking coastal shipping and other targets. The loyalists lost [[Fuzhou]], their last foothold on the Chinese mainland, in [[1646]], but then worked to consolidate their position on Taiwan. That same year, Chenggong's father turned to support the Qing, and began working to convince Chenggong to give up the resistance.<ref name=jansen>[[Marius Jansen]], ''China in the Tokugawa World'', Harvard University Press (1992), 26-27.</ref>
He inherited control of his father's network of maritime trade, pirate bands, and bases of operation, and after the fall of the Ming to [[Manchu]] invaders in [[1644]], put these to work rebelling against the new [[Qing Dynasty]] by attacking coastal shipping and other targets. The loyalists lost [[Fuzhou]], their last foothold on the Chinese mainland, in [[1646]], but then worked to consolidate their position on Taiwan. That same year, Chenggong's father turned to support the Qing, and began working to convince Chenggong to give up the resistance.<ref name=jansen>[[Marius Jansen]], ''China in the Tokugawa World'', Harvard University Press (1992), 26-27.</ref>
The Qing government attempted to blockade Taiwan in [[1656]], but were largely ineffective; the following year, they imposed a policy known as ''[[qianjie]]'', forcing Chinese to retreat inland, emptying the coastal regions of southern China in order to deny Coxinga targets to attack.
The Qing government attempted to blockade Taiwan in [[1656]], but were largely ineffective; the following year, they imposed a policy known as ''[[qianjie]]'', forcing Chinese to retreat inland, emptying the coastal regions of southern China in order to deny Coxinga targets to attack. Suffering a considerable defeat by the Qing at [[Nanjing]] in [[1659]], Coxinga fell back to Taiwan.<ref name=jansen85>Jansen, 85.</ref>
His father was executed in Beijing in [[1661]].<ref name=jansen/> The following year, Chenggong solidified his position on Taiwan by seizing the Dutch fortress, and essentially driving the Dutch off the island. He died later that year,<ref name=jansen85/> but his successors managed to hold out against Qing forces until [[1684]].
==Legacy==
==Legacy==
Zheng Chenggong is celebrated in numerous legends and stories. In Japan, the most prominent of these is [[Chikamatsu|Chikamatsu's]] [[1715]] ''[[ningyo joruri|ningyô jôruri]]'' (puppet theatre) play ''[[The Battles of Coxinga]]'', the first puppet play to ever be adapted to the [[kabuki]] stage. In the play, the character of Coxinga is named Watônai, literally meaning "between Japan and China," a reference to Coxinga's birth.
Zheng Chenggong is celebrated in numerous legends and stories. In Japan, the most prominent of these is [[Chikamatsu|Chikamatsu's]] [[1715]] ''[[ningyo joruri|ningyô jôruri]]'' (puppet theatre) play ''[[The Battles of Coxinga]]'', the first puppet play to ever be adapted to the [[kabuki]] stage. In the play, the character of Coxinga is named Watônai, literally meaning "between Japan and China," a reference to Coxinga's birth.
Though regarded as an enemy of the state for over two centuries in Qing Dynasty China, he became honored by the Qing as a hero in [[1875]]. This was probably done in response to the [[Taiwan Expedition of 1874|Japanese invasion of Taiwan the previous year]], as part of discursive efforts to claim Taiwan, and its history, for China.<ref name=jansen85/>
==References==
==References==
