Changes

===Bakumatsu===

===Bakumatsu===

Though previously antagonistic toward one another, in [[1859]], Chôshû secured the beginnings of an alliance with [[Satsuma han]]. In that year, Satsuma established a trading post at [[Shimonoseki]], and the following year, agreements were reached leading to a short-lived but vibrant trade in Satsuma [[sugar]] and Chôshû salt and whalebones, among other goods.<ref>Robert Hellyer, ''Defining Engagement'', Harvard University Press (2009), 186-188.</ref>

Though previously antagonistic toward one another, in [[1859]], Chôshû secured the beginnings of an alliance with [[Satsuma han]]. In that year, Satsuma established a trading post at [[Shimonoseki]], and the following year, agreements were reached leading to a short-lived but vibrant trade in Satsuma [[sugar]] and Chôshû salt and whalebones, among other goods.<ref>Robert Hellyer, ''Defining Engagement'', Harvard University Press (2009), 186-188.</ref>

 

This relationship fell apart soon afterwards, however, as Chôshû, in accordance with [[Emperor Komei|Emperor Kômei’s]] [[1863]] imperial edict ordering the violent expulsion of the barbarians, began firing upon passing ships. The following year, one of Satsuma’s ships was hit by the Chôshû batteries, leading to a falling-out between the two domains. When British ships were struck by the batteries, the Royal Navy retaliated by [[Bombardment of Shimonoseki|shelling the port of Shimonoseki]]. That same year, response to moves Chôshû had made against the [[Tokugawa shogunate]], shogunate leaders ordered an alliance of twenty-one domains to also [[First Choshu Expedition|attack Chôshû]].

Chôshû's actions against the Westerners brought violence and destruction upon them, as the British Royal Navy [[Bombardment of Shimonoseki|shelled the port of Shimonoseki]] in [[1864]]; that same year, the [[Tokugawa shogunate]] ordered an alliance of twenty-one domains to also [[First Choshu Expedition|attack Chôshû, in response to moves Chôshû had made against the shogunate.

Chôshû's anti-shogunate stance also involved the domain sheltering a number of [[kuge|court nobles]] who fled Kyoto in the [[1863]] [[Fall of Seven Nobles Incident]].<ref>"[http://kotobank.jp/word/%E4%B8%83%E5%8D%BF%E8%90%BD%E3%81%A1 Shichikyôochi]," ''Digital Daijisen'' デジタル大辞泉, Shôgakukan.</ref> Around this same time, in [[1862]]-1863, Chôshû leadership formed an alliance with a faction within the leadership of [[Tsushima han]], helping that group press the shogunate to expand aid to Tsushima; however, this alliance crumbled soon afterwards, when Chôshû and the shogunate turned against one another in 1864.<ref> Hellyer, 227-230.</ref>

 

Chôshû's anti-shogunate stance also involved the domain sheltering a number of [[kuge|court nobles]] who fled Kyoto in the [[1863]] [[Fall of Seven Nobles Incident]].<ref>"[http://kotobank.jp/word/%E4%B8%83%E5%8D%BF%E8%90%BD%E3%81%A1 Shichikyôochi]," ''Digital Daijisen'' デジタル大辞泉, Shôgakukan.</ref>

A number of samurai from Chôshû, meanwhile, separately from the actions and intentions of the Môri ''daimyô'', became prominent members of ''[[sonno|sonnô]] [[joi|jôi]]'' and ''[[shishi]]'' anti-shogunate rebel groups. The [[1864]] [[Ikedaya Affair]], in which a plan to set fire to [[Kyoto]], kidnap [[Emperor Komei|Emperor Kômei]] in the confusion, and bring him back to Chôshû, was prevented by a [[Shinsengumi]] attack on the Ikedaya inn in Kyoto where the rebels were meeting, for example, featured a number of rebels from Chôshû. That same year, in the so-called [[Kinmon Rebellion]], a number of rebels from Chôshû attempted to seize the [[Kyoto Imperial Palace|Imperial Palace]], but were stopped by forces chiefly from Satsuma and [[Aizu han]].

A number of samurai from Chôshû, meanwhile, separately from the actions and intentions of the Môri ''daimyô'', became prominent members of ''[[sonno|sonnô]] [[joi|jôi]]'' and ''[[shishi]]'' anti-shogunate rebel groups. The [[1864]] [[Ikedaya Affair]], in which a plan to set fire to [[Kyoto]], kidnap [[Emperor Komei|Emperor Kômei]] in the confusion, and bring him back to Chôshû, was prevented by a [[Shinsengumi]] attack on the Ikedaya inn in Kyoto where the rebels were meeting, for example, featured a number of rebels from Chôshû. That same year, in the so-called [[Kinmon Rebellion]], a number of rebels from Chôshû attempted to seize the [[Kyoto Imperial Palace|Imperial Palace]], but were stopped by forces chiefly from Satsuma and [[Aizu han]].

 

===Meiji===

===Meiji===

In the first month of [[1869]], Chôshû, along with Satsuma, [[Tosa han|Tosa]], and [[Kumamoto han|Kumamoto (Higo)]], were among the first domains to petition to be allowed to return their lands to the new [[Meiji government]], that is, to the [[Emperor]].

In the first month of [[1869]], Chôshû, along with Satsuma, [[Tosa han|Tosa]], and [[Kumamoto han|Kumamoto (Higo)]], were among the first domains to petition to be allowed to return their lands to the new [[Meiji government]], that is, to the [[Emperor]].

#[[Mori Terumoto|Môri Terumoto]]

#[[Mori Terumoto|Môri Terumoto]]

#[[Mori Hidenari|Môri Hidenari]] (d. [[1651]])

#[[Mori Hidenari|Môri Hidenari]] (d. [[1651]])

{{stub}}

{{stub}}

*Martin Dusinberre, ''Hard Times in the Hometown: A History of Community Survival in Modern Japan'', University of Hawaii Press, 2012.  

*Martin Dusinberre, ''Hard Times in the Hometown: A History of Community Survival in Modern Japan'', University of Hawaii Press, 2012.  

<references/>

<references/>