Line 2: |
Line 2: |
| *''Died: [[1135]]'' | | *''Died: [[1135]]'' |
| *''Reign: [[1101]]-[[1125]]'' | | *''Reign: [[1101]]-[[1125]]'' |
− | *''Chinese'': 徽宗 ''(Huizong huangdi)'' | + | *''Chinese'': 徽宗皇帝 ''(Huīzōng huángdì)'' |
| | | |
| Emperor Huizong was the last emperor of China's [[Northern Song Dynasty]]. He is regarded as an exemplary calligrapher, painter, and patron of the arts, and is indeed quite possibly the most famous painter and calligrapher among China's emperors. | | Emperor Huizong was the last emperor of China's [[Northern Song Dynasty]]. He is regarded as an exemplary calligrapher, painter, and patron of the arts, and is indeed quite possibly the most famous painter and calligrapher among China's emperors. |
| | | |
− | His most famous works include the handscroll paintings "Five-Colored Parakeet"[http://www.mfa.org/collections/object/five-colored-parakeet-on-a-blossoming-apricot-tree-29081] and "Court Ladies Preparing Newly Woven Silk,"[http://www.mfa.org/collections/object/court-ladies-preparing-newly-woven-silk-28127] and the hanging scroll painting "Auspicious Cranes" (below) along with a number of works of calligraphy in Huizong's distinctive "Slender Gold" style. | + | His most famous works include the handscroll paintings "Five-Colored Parakeet"[http://www.mfa.org/collections/object/five-colored-parakeet-on-a-blossoming-apricot-tree-29081] and "Court Ladies Preparing Newly Woven Silk,"[http://www.mfa.org/collections/object/court-ladies-preparing-newly-woven-silk-28127] and the hanging scroll painting "Auspicious Cranes" (below) along with a number of works of calligraphy in Huizong's distinctive "Slender Gold" style. Huizong is also known for his personal/Imperial collection of over six thousand paintings, and for his establishment of the [[Imperial Painting Academy]]. The Academy would continue on into the [[Southern Song Dynasty]], and would be revived in the [[Ming Dynasty|Ming]] and [[Qing Dynasty|Qing Dynasties]] as a body of official court painters, each of whom enjoyed formal court rank and worked producing artworks for the Court for a variety of official purposes. |
| | | |
− | Though a celebrated figure in the history of Chinese art, Huizong is also considered to have been a rather weak emperor in political terms, and is generally seen in rather negative terms, as his reign saw the loss of northern China (the Yellow River Valley) to the [[Jurchen]] hordes of the [[Jin Dynasty]]. The Jin captured the Northern Song capital of [[Kaifeng]], and took Huizong and much of the Imperial family prisoner. While one of his sons, who had not been present in Kaifeng at the time, continued the Song Dynasty as [[Emperor Gaozong]] in a new southern capital at Lin'an ([[Hangzhou]]), Huizong spent the rest of his life, the next ten years, a captive of the Jurchens, dying in [[1135]]. | + | Huizong was also a strong supporter of [[Daoism]], giving it priority over [[Buddhism]], and working to have many Buddhist institutions and deities refigured as Daoist ones, building upon similar actions by his predecessor, [[Emperor Zhezong of Song]]. He also sponsored the first [[Printing in China|printed]] compilation of the Daoist canon.<ref>Conrad Schirokauer, et al, ''A Brief History of Chinese and Japanese Civilizations'', Fourth Edition, Cengage Learning (2012), 199-200.</ref> |
| + | |
| + | Though a celebrated figure in the history of Chinese art, Huizong is also considered to have been a rather weak emperor in political terms, and is generally seen in rather negative terms, as his reign saw the loss of northern China (the Yellow River Valley) to the [[Jurchen]] hordes of the [[Jin Dynasty]]. The Jin captured the Northern Song capital of [[Kaifeng]], and took Huizong and much of the Imperial family prisoner. While one of his sons, who had not been present in Kaifeng at the time, continued the Song Dynasty as [[Emperor Gaozong of Song]] in a new southern capital at Lin'an ([[Hangzhou]]), Huizong spent the rest of his life, the next ten years, a captive of the Jurchens, dying in [[1135]]. |
| | | |
| {{stub}} | | {{stub}} |
| | | |
| [[Image:Huizong-Cranes.jpg|center|thumb|750px|''Auspicious Cranes'', painting and calligraphy by Emperor Huizong, [[1112]]. Liaoning Provincial Museum.]] | | [[Image:Huizong-Cranes.jpg|center|thumb|750px|''Auspicious Cranes'', painting and calligraphy by Emperor Huizong, [[1112]]. Liaoning Provincial Museum.]] |
| + | |
| + | <center> |
| + | {| border="3" align="center" |
| + | |- align="center" |
| + | |width="35%"|Preceded by<br>'''[[Emperor Zhezong of Song]]''' |
| + | |width="25%"|'''Emperor of [[Song Dynasty|Song]]<br>[[1101]]-[[1125]]''' |
| + | |width="35%"|Succeeded by<br>'''[[Emperor Qinzong of Song]]''' |
| + | |} |
| + | </center> |
| | | |
| ==References== | | ==References== |
− | *Valerie Hansen, ''The Open Empire'', New York: W.W. Norton & Co (2000), 272. | + | *Valerie Hansen, ''The Open Empire'', New York: W.W. Norton & Co (2000), 276. |
| + | <references/> |
| | | |
| [[Category:Emperors|Huizong]] | | [[Category:Emperors|Huizong]] |
| [[Category:Heian Period]] | | [[Category:Heian Period]] |