''Shunga'' images also sometimes appeared within otherwise innocent guides to fashion, makeup, and hairstyling.
''Shunga'' images also sometimes appeared within otherwise innocent guides to fashion, makeup, and hairstyling.
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They were also referred to as ''warai-e'', or "laughing pictures," not because they were meant to be humorous, but with the meaning that they were set apart from the normal realm; they belonged to a cultural or conceptual space outside of the mundane realm of real-life propriety and duty.<ref>Jacqueline Berndt, “Manga and ‘Manga’: Contemporary Japanese Comics and their Dis/similarities with Hokusai Manga,” in ''Manggha'', Krakow: Japanese Art and Technology Center (2008), 7.</ref>