Changes

''('''Shogun''' may also refer to [[James Clavell's Shogun]])''

::''('''Shogun''' may also refer to [[James Clavell's Shogun]])''

''Seiitaishôgun'' (征夷大将軍), "Supreme Commander Against the Barbarians", often shortened simply as ''shôgun'' (将軍), was originally a temporary Court commission assigned to courtier military commanders in the 8th century frontier campaigns against the [[Emishi]] in northern Honshu. It later became a hereditary distinction acknowledging the recipient as the ''[[buke no toryo|buke no tôryô]]'', "Head of the Warrior Houses", and titular head of the three [[Bakufu|bakufu]] warrior governments.

*''Japanese'': 将軍　・　征夷大将軍 ''(Shougun / Sei-i-tai shougun)''

In [[1192]] [[Minamoto Yoritomo]], as head of the newly established [[Kamakura Bakufu]], was invested with the ''seiitaishôgun'' title by the Court, which he returned in [[1193]]. Following his death in [[1199]] the bakufu had the Court appoint his sons in turn as ''shôgun'', beginning the link of the title with the titular head of the bakufu. After the murder of both Yoritomo's sons, the bakufu brought children of [[Kyoto]] courtiers and [[Emperor|Emperor's]] children to serve as ''shôgun'' for the remainder of the [[Kamakura Period]], though none held any actual power, instead serving as figureheads of the regime.

In [[1192]] [[Minamoto Yoritomo]], as head of the newly established [[Kamakura Bakufu]], was invested with the ''seiitaishôgun'' title by the Court, which he returned in [[1193]]. Following his death in [[1199]] the bakufu had the Court appoint his sons in turn as ''shôgun'', beginning the link of the title with the titular head of the bakufu. After the murder of both Yoritomo's sons, the bakufu brought children of [[Kyoto]] courtiers and [[Emperor|Emperor's]] children to serve as ''shôgun'' for the remainder of the [[Kamakura Period]], though none held any actual power, instead serving as figureheads of the regime.

Following the destruction of the Kamakura Bakufu, [[Ashikaga Takauji]] established his own [[Muromachi Bakufu]], and was awarded the title of ''shôgun'' in [[1338]]. The power Takauji wielded as ''shôgun'' was comparable to that which Yoritomo held, and was passed down through several generations of [[Ashikaga clan|Ashikaga]] ''shôgun''. As unrest grew throughout the nation in the 15th century, the Ashikaga ''shôgun'' began to lose their hold over the provinces, with the outbreak of the [[Onin War]] and the subsequent civil warring effectively removing them from national influence, useful only as political tools to warlords with their eye on national hegemony. The final Ashikaga ''shôgun'', [[Ashikaga Yoshiaki]], was evicted from Kyoto by [[Oda Nobunaga]] in [[1573]], bringing to an end the line of Ashikaga ''shôgun''.

Following the destruction of the Kamakura Bakufu, [[Ashikaga Takauji]] established his own [[Muromachi Bakufu]], and was awarded the title of ''shôgun'' in [[1338]]. The power Takauji wielded as ''shôgun'' was comparable to that which Yoritomo held, and was passed down through several generations of [[Ashikaga clan|Ashikaga]] ''shôgun''. As unrest grew throughout the nation in the 15th century, the Ashikaga ''shôgun'' began to lose their hold over the provinces, with the outbreak of the [[Onin War]] and the subsequent civil warring effectively removing them from national influence, useful only as political tools to warlords with their eye on national hegemony. The final Ashikaga ''shôgun'', [[Ashikaga Yoshiaki]], was evicted from Kyoto by [[Oda Nobunaga]] in [[1573]], bringing to an end the line of Ashikaga ''shôgun''.

Following the [[Battle of Sekigahara]] and [[Tokugawa Ieyasu|Tokugawa Ieyasu's]] grasp of the realm, Ieyasu was granted the title of ''shôgun'' in [[1603]] as head of the [[Tokugawa Bakufu]] located in [[Edo]], passing the title down to his son [[Tokugawa Hidetada|Hidetada]] two years later. The Tokugawa clan continued to reign as ''shôgun'' throughout the [[Edo Period]] until the Imperial Restoration of [[1867]].

Following the [[Battle of Sekigahara]] and [[Tokugawa Ieyasu|Tokugawa Ieyasu's]] grasp of the realm, Ieyasu was granted the title of ''shôgun'' in [[1603]] as head of the [[Tokugawa Bakufu]] located in [[Edo]], passing the title down to his son [[Tokugawa Hidetada|Hidetada]] two years later. The Tokugawa clan continued to reign as ''shôgun'' throughout the [[Edo Period]] until the Imperial Restoration of [[1867]].

''(See also: [[Chinjufu shogun|Chinjufu shôgun]], [[Daishogun|daishôgun]])''

Though the term ''shôgun'' is most commonly used today to refer to them, the Tokugawa ''shôgun'' often referred to themselves as ''[[kubo|kubô]]'', particularly in interactions with the [[Imperial Court]], or when invoking their legitimacy and connection to Imperial power.<ref>[[Luke Roberts|Roberts, Luke]]. ''Performing the Great Peace: Political Space and Open Secrets in Tokugawa Japan''. University of Hawaii Press, 2012. p23.</ref>

==References==

==References==

* [[George Sansom|Sansom, George]]. ''A History of Japan, to 1334'', Stanford University Press, reprinted 1991.

* [[George Sansom|Sansom, George]]. ''A History of Japan, to 1334'', Stanford University Press, reprinted 1991.

* [[Wayne Farris|Farris, William Wayne]]. ''Heavenly Warriors'', Harvard University Asia Center, 1996.

* [[Wayne Farris|Farris, William Wayne]]. ''Heavenly Warriors'', Harvard University Asia Center, 1996.

[[Category:Ranks and Titles]][[Category:Terminology]][[Category:Political Institutions]]

[[Category:Ranks and Titles]][[Category:Terminology]][[Category:Political Institutions]]