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While Tamekuni built up his power and wealth in Shinano, his younger brother [[Murakami Sadakuni]] turned to piracy, making [[Awaji Island|Awaji]] and the [[Shiwaku Islands]] his bases, marking the origin of the Inland Sea branch of the Murakami clan around the 1160s.

While Tamekuni built up his power and wealth in Shinano, his younger brother [[Murakami Sadakuni]] turned to piracy, making [[Awaji Island|Awaji]] and the [[Shiwaku Islands]] his bases, marking the origin of the Inland Sea branch of the Murakami clan around the 1160s.

Little is known about the history of the family between the end of the Heian period, and the [[Nanboku-cho|Nanboku-chô period]] (the time of Murakami Yoshihiro). However, it is known that during the [[Jokyu Disturbance|Jôkyû Disturbance]] of [[1221]], the Murakami and Kôno sided with [[Emperor Go-Toba]]; after their defeat, the two clans cooperated to maintain control over shipping in the Inland Sea. A century later, the Murakami actively supported [[Emperor Go-Daigo]] in the [[Kemmu Restoration]] of [[1333]]. Having made Iyo-Ôshima (Nôshima) his base, Murakami Yoshihiro claimed command of the entire Murakami clan, and raised an army on imperial orders. Alongside [[Doi clan|Doi]] and [[Tokuno clan|Tokunô clan]] forces, he attacked and defeated [[Hojo Tokinao|Hôjô Tokinao]], and then moved on Kyoto, where he launched an attack on the [[Rokuhara Tandai]].

Little is known about the history of the family between the end of the Heian period, and the [[Nanboku-cho|Nanboku-chô period]] (the time of Murakami Yoshihiro). However, it is known that during the [[Jokyu Disturbance|Jôkyû Disturbance]] of [[1221]], the Murakami and Kôno sided with [[Emperor Go-Toba]]; after their defeat, the two clans cooperated to maintain control over shipping in the Inland Sea. A century later, the Murakami actively supported [[Emperor Go-Daigo]] in the [[Kemmu Restoration]] of [[1333]]. Having made Iyo-Ôshima (Noshima) his base, Murakami Yoshihiro claimed command of the entire Murakami clan, and raised an army on imperial orders. Alongside [[Doi clan|Doi]] and [[Tokuno clan|Tokunô clan]] forces, he attacked and defeated [[Hojo Tokinao|Hôjô Tokinao]], and then moved on Kyoto, where he launched an attack on the [[Rokuhara Tandai]].

The Murakami sided with the [[Southern Court]] during the Nanboku-chô conflicts, inviting the Kôno to join them in doing so, and swearing allegiance to [[Prince Kanenaga]], who was a key Southern Court figure in Kyushu. With the aid of the [[Kikuchi clan]] of [[Higo province]], they defeated the Kôno and eliminated Northern Court power in Iyo, expanding the Murakami's own power in the Inland Sea.

The Murakami sided with the [[Southern Court]] during the Nanboku-chô conflicts, inviting the Kôno to join them in doing so, and swearing allegiance to [[Prince Kanenaga]], who was a key Southern Court figure in Kyushu. With the aid of the [[Kikuchi clan]] of [[Higo province]], they defeated the Kôno and eliminated Northern Court power in Iyo, expanding the Murakami's own power in the Inland Sea.

The three branches, known as the [[Kurujima castle|Kurujima Murakami]]<ref>Also sometimes referred to as a new family/clan, the Kurujima (either 来島 or 久留島).</ref>, [[Noshima|Noshima Murakami]], and [[Innoshima|Innoshima Murakami]] after the islands where they were based, are said to have each been founded by one of three brothers, around [[1419]]. Accounts vary as to whether these were three sons of [[Murakami Yoshiaki]], or his two younger brothers and himself. Yoshiaki was, in any case, the son of [[Murakami Morokiyo]], who was adopted from the [[Murakami clan (Shinano)|Murakami clan of Shinano]] by Yoshihiro, who had no biological sons of his own.<ref>According to some accounts, it was not Murakami Morokiyo, but [[Kitabatake Akinari]], grandson of [[Kitabatake Chikafusa]], from whom the three branches were descended. According to others, it was [[Murakami Yoshitane]], not Yoshiaki, who was the relevant son of Morokiyo.</ref>

The three branches, known as the [[Kurujima castle|Kurujima Murakami]]<ref>Also sometimes referred to as a new family/clan, the Kurujima (either 来島 or 久留島).</ref>, [[Noshima|Noshima Murakami]], and [[Innoshima|Innoshima Murakami]] after the islands where they were based, are said to have each been founded by one of three brothers, around [[1419]]. Accounts vary as to whether these were three sons of [[Murakami Yoshiaki]], or his two younger brothers and himself. Yoshiaki was, in any case, the son of [[Murakami Morokiyo]], who was adopted from the [[Murakami clan (Shinano)|Murakami clan of Shinano]] by Yoshihiro, who had no biological sons of his own.<ref>According to some accounts, it was not Murakami Morokiyo, but [[Kitabatake Akinari]], grandson of [[Kitabatake Chikafusa]], from whom the three branches were descended. According to others, it was [[Murakami Yoshitane]], not Yoshiaki, who was the relevant son of Morokiyo.</ref>

Yoshiaki, also known as Masafusa, established his base on Nôshima, while [[Murakami Akitada|Akitada]], also known as Yoshifusa, and [[Murakami Akinaga|Akinaga]], also known as Yoshitoyo, took Innoshima and Kurujima respectively.

Yoshiaki, also known as Masafusa, established his base on Noshima, while [[Murakami Akitada|Akitada]], also known as Yoshifusa, and [[Murakami Akinaga|Akinaga]], also known as Yoshitoyo, took Innoshima and Kurujima respectively.

Initially, these branch families served the [[Kono clan|Kôno clan]] ''[[shugo]]'' of [[Iyo province]], maintaining public order on the Inland Sea, collecting maritime customs taxes, and the like. They were sometimes said to be the top of all the 18 families which served the Kôno, and headed the naval side of the Kôno standing armies. When Iwagijima was attacked by pirates in 1462-63, and when Ômishima was attacked by forces from [[Aki province]] in [[1522]], the Murakami fought back. They maintained fortresses not only on the three islands after which each branch family took its name, but also on many other small islands in the Inland Sea. In addition to these military functions, and overseeing trade and shipping in general, the Murakami played a major role in a variety of other maritime activities in the Inland Sea, including tugboat activities, seeing to the shipping of official goods and the transport of officials, aiding those shipwrecked or adrift, and the like. Unlike the majority of clans, who relied on agrarian sources of income and power, the Murakami built up their power, and wealth, through maritime activity.

Initially, these branch families served the [[Kono clan|Kôno clan]] ''[[shugo]]'' of [[Iyo province]], maintaining public order on the Inland Sea, collecting maritime customs taxes, and the like. They were sometimes said to be the top of all the 18 families which served the Kôno, and headed the naval side of the Kôno standing armies. When Iwagijima was attacked by pirates in 1462-63, and when Ômishima was attacked by forces from [[Aki province]] in [[1522]], the Murakami fought back. They maintained fortresses not only on the three islands after which each branch family took its name, but also on many other small islands in the Inland Sea. In addition to these military functions, and overseeing trade and shipping in general, the Murakami played a major role in a variety of other maritime activities in the Inland Sea, including tugboat activities, seeing to the shipping of official goods and the transport of officials, aiding those shipwrecked or adrift, and the like. Unlike the majority of clans, who relied on agrarian sources of income and power, the Murakami built up their power, and wealth, through maritime activity.

Father and son [[Murakami Michiyasu]] and [[Murakami Michifusa]] of Kurujima were among those most prominent and active in the [[Sengoku period]]. Michiyasu's wife was a daughter of [[Kono Michinao|Kôno Michinao]], and in [[1541]], Michinao named Michiyasu his successor, but some prominent Kôno clan retainers were opposed to this and supported [[Kono Michimasa|Kôno Michimasa]] as successor instead. They launched an attack against Michinao and Michiyasu, who fled to Kurujima. The conflict was eventually resolved with Michimasa being named successor; the Murakami thus never became successors to the Kôno clan.

Father and son [[Murakami Michiyasu]] and [[Murakami Michifusa]] of Kurujima were among those most prominent and active in the [[Sengoku period]]. Michiyasu's wife was a daughter of [[Kono Michinao|Kôno Michinao]], and in [[1541]], Michinao named Michiyasu his successor, but some prominent Kôno clan retainers were opposed to this and supported [[Kono Michimasa|Kôno Michimasa]] as successor instead. They launched an attack against Michinao and Michiyasu, who fled to Kurujima. The conflict was eventually resolved with Michimasa being named successor; the Murakami thus never became successors to the Kôno clan.

In [[1555]], the three branch families accepted the invitation of the Môri clan to join forces at the [[battle of Miyajima]] against the [[Sue clan]], and, led by [[Murakami Takeyoshi]] of Noshima, are said to have contributed significantly to the Môri victory. The Murakami (or at least, some branches) maintained a strong relationship with the Môri throughout the remainder of the Sengoku period.

In [[1555]], the three branch families accepted the invitation of the Môri clan to join forces at the [[battle of Miyajima]] against the [[Sue clan]], and, led by [[Murakami Takeyoshi]] of Noshima, are said to have contributed significantly to the Môri victory. The Murakami (or at least, some branches) maintained a strong relationship with the Môri throughout the remainder of the Sengoku period.

However, while Murakami Michiyasu and the Murakami clan more broadly had maintained a strong relationship with the Kôno clan, Michiyasu's son Michifusa rose up against the Kôno, beginning in [[1579]]. He had become head of the family after his older brother [[Murakami Michiyuki]] gave up the succession to become head of another family, the [[Tokui clan]]. In [[1582]], Michifusa fought for [[Oda Nobunaga]] against the Kôno and Môri, and suffered defeat at their hands. Attacked as well by the Noshima and Innoshima Murakami, he was forced to flee Kurujima, and joined [[Toyotomi Hideyoshi]], returning to Kurujima two years later after hostilities between Hideyoshi and the Môri (and the allies of the Môri, including the Kôno and the Murakami of Noshima & Innoshima) had ended. It was perhaps around this time that the Murakami of Kurujima came to be known as the Kurujima family (i.e. not as the Murakami), as this was the name that Hideyoshi, seemingly, used to refer to them.

However, while Murakami Michiyasu and the Murakami clan more broadly had maintained a strong relationship with the Kôno clan, Michiyasu's son Michifusa rose up against the Kôno, beginning in [[1579]]. He had become head of the Kurujima branch family after his older brother [[Murakami Michiyuki]] gave up the succession to become head of another family, the [[Tokui clan]]. In [[1582]], Michifusa fought for [[Oda Nobunaga]] against the Kôno and Môri, and suffered defeat at their hands. Attacked as well by the Noshima and Innoshima Murakami, he was forced to flee Kurujima, and joined [[Toyotomi Hideyoshi]], returning to Kurujima two years later after hostilities between Hideyoshi and the Môri (and the allies of the Môri, including the Kôno and the Murakami of Noshima & Innoshima) had ended. It was perhaps around this time that the Murakami of Kurujima came to be known as the Kurujima family (i.e. not as the Murakami), as this was the name that Hideyoshi, seemingly, used to refer to them.

Michifusa served in the advance guard for Hideyoshi's [[1585]] [[Invasion of Shikoku (1585)|Invasion of Shikoku]], and was granted Kazahaya district in Iyo, a holding worth 14,000 ''[[koku]]'', for his service. He then fought alongside the Môri in Hideyoshi's [[1587]] [[invasion of Kyushu]], and in particular in the [[siege of Urutsu|attack on Urutsu castle]]. In the [[siege of Odawara]] in [[1590]], he joined forces with the navies of the [[Kato clan|Katô]] and [[Kuki clan]]s, attacking the castle from the sea.

Michifusa served in the advance guard for Hideyoshi's [[1585]] [[Invasion of Shikoku (1585)|Invasion of Shikoku]], and was granted Kazahaya district in Iyo, a holding worth 14,000 ''[[koku]]'', for his service. He then fought alongside the Môri in Hideyoshi's [[1587]] [[invasion of Kyushu]], and in particular in the [[siege of Urutsu|attack on Urutsu castle]]. In the [[siege of Odawara]] in [[1590]], he joined forces with the navies of the [[Kato clan|Katô]] and [[Kuki clan]]s, attacking the castle from the sea.

*"[http://www2.harimaya.com/sengoku/html/kurusi_k.html Kurujima-shi]." SENGOKU ''Buke kaden''. Harimaya.com. Accessed 7 June 2011.

*"[http://www2.harimaya.com/sengoku/html/kurusi_k.html Kurujima-shi]." SENGOKU ''Buke kaden''. Harimaya.com. Accessed 7 June 2011.

*"[http://www2.harimaya.com/sengoku/html/mura_in.html Murakami (Innoshima) shi]." SENGOKU ''Buke kaden''. Harimaya.com. Accessed 21 June 2011.

*"[http://www2.harimaya.com/sengoku/html/mura_in.html Murakami (Innoshima) shi]." SENGOKU ''Buke kaden''. Harimaya.com. Accessed 21 June 2011.

*"[http://www2.harimaya.com/sengoku/html/mura_kai.html Murakami (Nôshima) shi]." SENGOKU ''Buke kaden''. Harimaya.com. Accessed 21 June 2011.

*"[http://www2.harimaya.com/sengoku/html/mura_kai.html Murakami (Noshima) shi]." SENGOKU ''Buke kaden''. Harimaya.com. Accessed 21 June 2011.

*Terada Shôichi (ed.). ''Meijô wo aruku 3: Iyo Matsuyama-jô''. Tokyo: PHP Kenkyûsho,　2002.  

*Terada Shôichi (ed.). ''Meijô wo aruku 3: Iyo Matsuyama-jô''. Tokyo: PHP Kenkyûsho,　2002.  

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[[Category:Clans]]

[[Category:Clans]]