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* ''Born:[[1835]]/11/15''
* ''Born:[[1835]]/11/15''
* ''Died:[[1867]]/12/10''
* ''Died:[[1867]]/12/10''
* Japanese: 坂本竜馬 ''(Sakamoto Ryôma)''
* ''Other name: Saitani Umetarô''
* ''Japanese'': 坂本龍馬直柔 ''(Sakamoto Ryôma Naonari)''
[[Image:Ryoma.jpg|frame|right|Photograph of '''Sakamoto Ryoma''']]
==Sakamoto Ryôma Timeline==
==Sakamoto Ryôma Timeline==
** Put in charge of the [[Kaientai]], in Kobe, an auxiliary naval training unit established by Katsu Kaishu
** Put in charge of the [[Kaientai]], in Kobe, an auxiliary naval training unit established by Katsu Kaishu
** Introduced to [[Yokoi Shonan]], an influential loyalist from Fukui, who advocated opening the country
** Introduced to [[Yokoi Shonan]], an influential loyalist from Fukui, who advocated opening the country
* [[1864]] Met [[Saigo Takamori|Saigô Takamori]], a Satsuma loyalist leader, one of the future masterminds behind the future overthrow of the Tokugawa bakufu
* [[1864]] Met [[Saigo Takamori|Saigô Takamori]], a [[Satsuma han|Satsuma]] loyalist leader, one of the future masterminds behind the future overthrow of the Tokugawa bakufu
* [[1865]] Established Japan’s first foreign trading company, the Kameyama-shachu in Nagasaki, with the help of Saigo, to run supplies to loyalists in Choshu.
* [[1865]] Established Japan’s first foreign trading company, the Kameyama-shachu in Nagasaki, with the help of Saigo, to run supplies to loyalists in Choshu.
** Met [[Choshu han|Chôshu]] loyalist leader [[Katsura Kogoro|Katsura Kogorô]] and begins to push longtime enemies, Satsuma and Choshu to form an anti-Tokugawa alliance
** Met [[Choshu han|Chôshu]] loyalist leader [[Katsura Kogoro|Katsura Kogorô]] and begins to push longtime enemies, Satsuma and Choshu to form an anti-Tokugawa alliance
* [[1866]] Successfully brokered the secret military alliance between Satsuma and Choshu that will seal the fate of the Tokugawa bakufu.
* [[1866]] Successfully brokered the secret military alliance between Satsuma and Choshu that will seal the fate of the [[Tokugawa clan|Tokugawa]] [[Bakufu]].
** One night after the conclusion of the Satsuma-Choshu alliance, Ryoma fights his way out of the [[Teradaya]] using a Smith & Wesson revolver during a raid by pro-bakufu police forces.
** One night after the conclusion of the Satsuma-Choshu alliance, Ryoma fights his way out of the [[Teradaya]] using a Smith & Wesson revolver during a raid by pro-bakufu police forces.
[[1867]] Received a second pardon from Tosa
** On the advice of [[Komatsu Tatewaki]] and Saigô Takamori, travels to [[Satsuma province]] with his wife Oryô, to spend time in the [[onsen]] recovering from his wounds. They stay for a time at Komatsu's home, and later visit [[Kirishima]] as well.<ref>Historical plaques at corner of Miami and Izuro-dôri in Kagoshima.</ref>
*[[1867]] Received a second pardon from Tosa
** Reorganized the Kameyama-shachu into the Tosa-Kaientai, and is appointed its head.
** Reorganized the Kameyama-shachu into the Tosa-Kaientai, and is appointed its head.
** While running guns, the Kaintai vessel lroha is struck by a vessel belonging to Kii. Ryoma files a law suit under the premise that the Kii ship violated the laws of the sea as stipulated under international law. Receives an out-of-court settlement.
** While running guns, the Kaintai vessel lroha is struck by a vessel belonging to Kii. Ryoma files a law suit under the premise that the Kii ship violated the laws of the sea as stipulated under international law. Receives an out-of-court settlement.
** Formulated his Eight-Point Program, calling for a new government structure to replace the Tokugawa baku-han system.
** Formulated his Eight-Point Program, calling for a new government structure to replace the Tokugawa baku-han system.
** [[Gotô Shôjirô|Goto Shojiro]], head of the Tosa bureaucracy, passes a written memorial calling for the immediate restoration of imperial rule and a new government based on Ryoma’s Eight-Point Program to the leader of Tosa, [[Yamauchi Yodo|Yamauchi Yôdô]], who passes the document to the bakufu.
** [[Goto Shôjiro|Gotô Shojirô]], head of the Tosa bureaucracy, passes a written memorial calling for the immediate restoration of imperial rule and a new government based on Ryoma’s Eight-Point Program to the leader of Tosa, [[Yamauchi Yodo|Yamauchi Yôdô]], who passes the document to the bakufu.
**[[Tokugawa Yoshinobu]], accepts the memorial from Tosa and resigns as Shogun, returning political power to the imperial court.
**[[Tokugawa Yoshinobu]], accepts the memorial from Tosa and resigns as Shogun, returning political power to the imperial court.
**Assassinated with fellow Tosa loyalist, Nakaoka Shintaro by pro-bakufu forces on December 10
**Assassinated with fellow Tosa loyalist, [[Nakaoka Shintaro|Nakaoka Shintarô]] by pro-bakufu forces on December 10
==Sakamoto's 8 Point Plan for Imperial Restoration and Governance==
{{:Eight Point Plan}}
==Sakamoto Ryoma in Fiction==
===Movies===
* Sakamoto Ryoma (坂本龍馬) 1911 Yokota Shokai
* Sakamoto Ryoma (坂本龍馬) 1914
* Sakamoto Ryoma (坂本龍馬) 1911 Yoshizawa Shokai
* Sakamoto Ryoma (坂本龍馬) 1921
* Sakamoto Ryoma (坂本龍馬) 1924
* Ryoma Ansatsu (竜馬暗殺) 1927
* Sakamoto Ryoma (坂本龍馬) 1928
* Sakamoto Ryoma (坂本龍馬) 1928
* Kaien Taicho Sakamoto Ryoma (海援隊長 坂本龍馬) 1931
* Kaien Taicho Sakamoto Ryoma Kyoraku-hen(海援隊長 阪本竜馬 京洛篇) 1931
* Sakamoto Ryoma (坂本龍馬) 1932
* Sakamoto Ryoma (坂本龍馬) 1936
* Bakumatsu (幕末) 1970 (Director:Ito Daisuke)
* Ryoma Ansatsu (竜馬暗殺) 1974 (Director:Kuroki Kazuo)
* Bakumatsu Seishun Grafiti Ronin Sakamoto Ryoma (幕末青春グラフィティ Ronin 坂本龍馬) 1986 (Director:Kawai Yoshitaka)
===Television===
* Sakamoto Ryoma (坂本龍馬) 1958 NTV
* Bakumatsu Monogatari Sakamoto Ryoma-hen (幕末物語 坂本龍馬編) 1959 MBS
* Ryoma ga Yuku (竜馬がゆく) 1965 MBS
* Ryoma ga Yuku (竜馬がゆく) 6th NHK Taiga Drama 1968
* Ryoma ga Yuku (竜馬がゆく) 1982 TX
* Bakumatsu Seishun Grafiti Sakamoto Ryoma (幕末青春グラフィティ 坂本竜馬) 1982 NTV
* Sakamoto Ryoma (坂本龍馬) 1989 TBS
* Ryoma ni omakase (竜馬におまかせ) 1996 NTV
* Ryoma ga yuku (竜馬がゆく) 1997 TBS
* Ryoma ga Yuku (竜馬がゆく) 2004 TX
* Yukuna! Ryoma (ゆくな！龍馬) 2005 CX
* Ryôma den (龍馬伝) 2010 NHK Taiga Drama
===Books===
* Ryoma ga yuku (龍馬がゆく) [[Shiba Ryotaro]]
* Sakamoto Ryoma (坂本龍馬) [[Yamaoka Sohachi]]
* Ryoma no Meiji (龍馬の明治) Nakatsu Fumihiko
* Ryoma (龍馬) Tsumoto Yo
* Toshizo to Ryoma (歳三と龍馬)
* Ryoma den (龍馬伝) Tsuka Kohei
* Sakamoto Ryoma (坂本龍馬) Kunimitsu Shiro
* Kawaracho Sanjo Kudaru Ryoma Ansatsu(河原町三条下ル、龍馬暗殺) Hirose Niki
* Ryoma Zanei (龍馬残影) Tsumoto Yo
* Ryoma Ansatsu (龍馬暗殺) Saotome Mitsugu
* Kagemusha Ryoma (影武者龍馬) Kaku Kozo
* Sakamoto Ryoma no Shogai (坂本龍馬の生涯) Shimaoka Akira
===Kabuki===
* Ryôma ga yuku (竜馬がゆく) - adaptation of the Shiba Ryôtarô novel
==References==
==References==
* Hillsborough, Romulus. ''RYOMA- Life of a Renaissance Samurai''. Ridgeback Press, 1999
* Hillsborough, Romulus. ''RYOMA- Life of a Renaissance Samurai''. Ridgeback Press, 1999
* Jansen, Marius B. ''Sakamoto Ryoma and the Meiji Restoration''. Columbia University Press, 1994.
* Jansen, Marius B. ''Sakamoto Ryoma and the Meiji Restoration''. Columbia University Press, 1994.
* The Sakamoto Ryoma Memorial Museum’s Webpage: http://www.kochi-bunkazaidan.or.jp/~ryoma/english1.htm
* [http://www.kochi-bunkazaidan.or.jp/~ryoma/english1.htm The Sakamoto Ryoma Memorial Museum’s Webpage]
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[[Category:Bakumatsu]][[Category:Edo Period]]
[[Category:Bakumatsu]][[Category:Edo Period]][[Category:Samurai]]
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