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NOTES for later articles:
NOTES for later articles:
*阿母志礼 or 阿母志良礼 is read あんしたり or あんしたんめえ, and refers to female officials in general.[https://www.flickr.com/photos/toranosuke/15282523017/sizes/k/]
"Japanese gardens were featured, among others, in expositions held in Philadelphia (1876, 1926), Paris (1878, 1889, 1900, 1925), Chicago (1893, 1933), St. Louis (1904), London (1910), San Francisco (1915, 1939), New York (1939-40, 1964-65), Brussels (1958), Seattle (1909, 1962), and Montreal (1967). This means for the entire period between the 1860s and 1960s, Japanese gardens were on view at these major crowd-attracting events more or less every few years." Toshio Watanabe, "How the West Interacted with Japanese Gardens," Ishibashi Lectures, Kyoto University of Art and Design, 12 March 2016.
*Treaty of St Petersburg 1875 - incl. stipulation that Japanese settlers could live as permanent residents in Russian territories (Sakhalin) and Russian settlers as permanent residents in Japanese territories.
*Fukizumi 吹墨 - a technique for using a bamboo pipe to blow blue cobalt oxide onto porcelain, producing a splattered effect. - Nicole Coolidge Rousmaniere, Crafting Beauty in Modern Japan, University of Washington Press (2007), 17.
*Sanpincha = 香片茶
*Sanpincha = 香片茶
*NAHA/SHURI BYOBU:
- 琉球交易港図屏風（Urasoe City Art Museum）- made from the illustration section only of a larger byobu obtained in Okinawa in 1886 by a Kagoshima police officer.<ref name=watanabe11>Watanabe Miki 渡辺美季, "Ryûkyû Shuri no zu, Ryûkyû Naha zu: Koga rekishi hakubutsukan zô Takami Senseki kankei shiryô yori" 「琉球首里ノ図・琉球那覇図ー古河歴史博物館蔵 鷹見泉石関係資料より」, Tôkyô daigaku shiryôhensanjo fuzoku gazô shiryô kaiseki sentaa tsûshin 東京大学史料編纂所附属画像史料解析センター通信 90 (Oct 2020), p11.</ref>
- 琉球貿易図屏風（Shiga University） - restored in 2000. Some kind of ledger book or notebook from the Satsuma mansion in Edo, from the 1830s, discovered at that time built into the under-layers of the byobu<ref name=watanabe11/>
- 琉球進貢船図屏風 (Kyoto University Museum)<ref name=watanabe11/>
- 首里那覇港図屏風 (Oki Pref Mus) - depicts Zaiban bugyo parading up to Shuri castle. Purchased by a Mr. Yamaguchi from Niigata, purchased from somewhere in Kagoshima in 1889.<ref name=watanabe11/>
- 首里那覇鳥瞰図屏風 (Ie Udun shiryo, Naha City History Museum)<ref name=watanabe11/>
- 那覇港図 (Shurijo Castle Park)<ref name=watanabe11/>
WRITING IN CHINA
*Simple marks scratched on pottery from as early as 2500 BCE predate formal writing. The earliest fuller writing that has been found is on oracle bones and bronzes from around 1300 BCE (Shang dynasty). The oldest literary works in China - The Book of Odes and the Book of History - date to the Western Zhou (1047 BC – 772 BC). The oldest excavated writing on bamboo strips is from c. 600 BCE. - Gallery labels, Royal Ontario Museum.[https://www.flickr.com/photos/toranosuke/48532404501/in/photostream/]
*"In 1860 Britain was consuming upwards of 98% Chinese tea; but by the mid-1880s 50% of the tea consumed in Britain was Indian black tea, and that continued to grow in the 1880s and 1890s"
*"In 1860 Britain was consuming upwards of 98% Chinese tea; but by the mid-1880s 50% of the tea consumed in Britain was Indian black tea, and that continued to grow in the 1880s and 1890s"
- all of this from Robert Hellyer, "Japanese Tea as an American Beverage: From the Meiji Restoration to Today," Ishibashi Lectures Series, 27 May 2017, Kyushu National Museum. https://www.sainsbury-institute.org/info/the-fourth-ishibashi-foundation-lecture-series-2017
- all of this from Robert Hellyer, "Japanese Tea as an American Beverage: From the Meiji Restoration to Today," Ishibashi Lectures Series, 27 May 2017, Kyushu National Museum. https://www.sainsbury-institute.org/info/the-fourth-ishibashi-foundation-lecture-series-2017
*Though tea was originally exported via the port of Yokohama, after [[1906]], Shimizu port (today part of Shizuoka City) became the chief export location, and foreign trading companies even relocated from Yokohama to Shimizu. - pamphlet, Ranji exhibition, Verkehr Shimizu Port Terminal Museum, July 2020.
*Offset printing like that still used today came about in the Showa era. Also, by the end of WWII, Japanese tea came to be heavily exported to former French territories in North Africa and West Asia, especially Algeria and Morocco. - pamphlet, Ranji exhibition, Verkehr Shimizu Port Terminal Museum, July 2020.
*It's believed the archipelago was first settled (peopled) as early as 40,000 years ago. - Simon Kaner, "Jomon and Yayoi," Routledge Handbook of Premodern Japanese History (ed. Karl Friday), 59.
*Sapporo means Dry land in Ainu.
*Sapporo means Dry land in Ainu.
*Chinsuko = 金楚糕
*Chinsuko = 金楚糕
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