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The island is roughly 13 km in circumference, and 3 km<sup>2</sup> in area.<ref name=tatsuya24>Tamai Tatsuya 玉井建也, "Kinsei ni okeru kaijô chisô to Seto naikai: Iyo-no-kuni Tsuwaji-jima wo jirei toshite" 近世における海上馳走と瀬戸内海-伊予国津和地島を事例として-, ''Tôkyô daigaku daigakuin jôhô gakkan kiyô jôhô gaku kenkyû'' 東京大学大学院情報学環紀要 情報学研究 81 (2011), 24.</ref> It lies roughly 28 km northwest of Matsuyama proper, and about 30 km south of [[Kure]] City in [[Hiroshima prefecture]]. The nearest neighboring islands include Nasake and Yashiro Islands to the southwest, and Nuwa and Nakajima Islands to the east.
 
The island is roughly 13 km in circumference, and 3 km<sup>2</sup> in area.<ref name=tatsuya24>Tamai Tatsuya 玉井建也, "Kinsei ni okeru kaijô chisô to Seto naikai: Iyo-no-kuni Tsuwaji-jima wo jirei toshite" 近世における海上馳走と瀬戸内海-伊予国津和地島を事例として-, ''Tôkyô daigaku daigakuin jôhô gakkan kiyô jôhô gaku kenkyû'' 東京大学大学院情報学環紀要 情報学研究 81 (2011), 24.</ref> It lies roughly 28 km northwest of Matsuyama proper, and about 30 km south of [[Kure]] City in [[Hiroshima prefecture]]. The nearest neighboring islands include Nasake and Yashiro Islands to the southwest, and Nuwa and Nakajima Islands to the east.
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While in premodern times ships generally followed closely along the coasts of Honshû or Shikoku, in the early modern period (that is, the [[Edo period]]), a greater volume of traffic began to sail through the deeper middle of the [[Inland Sea]], and to stop at places like Tsuwaji which had not previously seen such traffic. Tsuwaji thus became a prominent link in a network of Inland Sea ports including [[Kaminoseki]], [[Tomonoura]], [[Mitarai]], Shimo-Kamagari, and Yashiro Island, and a common place for ships to make harbor while waiting for favorable winds or tides.<ref name=tatsuya24/> As early as the 1660s, it was identified as the busiest port in [[Iyo province]], with some 500 ships each over 100-''[[koku]]'' in size in port at once; in the 1690s, when [[Engelbert Kaempfer]] passed through Tsuwaji on his way to [[Edo]], he noted that Tsuwaji had as many as 150 homes.<ref>''Umimichi wo yuku: Edo jidai no Seto Naikai'' 海道をゆく-江戸時代の瀬戸内海-, Museum of Ehime History and Culture 愛媛県歴史文化博物館 (1999), 116.</ref>
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While in premodern times ships generally followed closely along the coasts of Honshû or Shikoku, in the early modern period (that is, the [[Edo period]]), a greater volume of traffic began to sail through the deeper middle of the [[Inland Sea]], and to stop at places like Tsuwaji which had not previously seen such traffic. Tsuwaji thus became a prominent link in a network of Inland Sea ports including [[Kaminoseki]], [[Tomonoura]], [[Mitarai]], [[Kamagari|Shimo-Kamagari]], and Yashiro Island, and a common place for ships to make harbor while waiting for favorable winds or tides.<ref name=tatsuya24/> As early as the 1660s, it was identified as the busiest port in [[Iyo province]], with some 500 ships each over 100-''[[koku]]'' in size in port at once; in the 1690s, when [[Engelbert Kaempfer]] passed through Tsuwaji on his way to [[Edo]], he noted that Tsuwaji had as many as 150 homes.<ref>''Umimichi wo yuku: Edo jidai no Seto Naikai'' 海道をゆく-江戸時代の瀬戸内海-, Museum of Ehime History and Culture 愛媛県歴史文化博物館 (1999), 116.</ref>
    
The lord of Iyo-Matsuyama established a teahouse on the island in [[1635]] (likely a reception hall for elite guests, akin to a ''[[honjin]]''), and named retainer Yahara Sanozaemon his deputy (''nashiro''), to oversee such matters. The Yahara family remained influential figures on the island throughout the [[Edo period]], serving as district magistrates (''gun bugyô'') for much of the period. The ''[[Yahara-ke goyo nikki|Yahara-ke goyô nikki]]'' collects records of much of the magistrates' official matters from [[1768]] into the 1850s or 1860s.<ref>Kimura Yoshisato 木村吉聡 (ed.), ''Ryukyu shisetsu no Edo nobori to Mitarai'' 琉球使節の江戸上りと御手洗, Shiomachi kankô kôryû Center 潮待ち館観光交流センター (2001), 73-74.; ''Shirarezaru Ryûkyû shisetsu'' 知られざる琉球使節, Fukuyama-shi Tomonoura rekishi minzoku shiryôkan (2006), 113-134.</ref>
 
The lord of Iyo-Matsuyama established a teahouse on the island in [[1635]] (likely a reception hall for elite guests, akin to a ''[[honjin]]''), and named retainer Yahara Sanozaemon his deputy (''nashiro''), to oversee such matters. The Yahara family remained influential figures on the island throughout the [[Edo period]], serving as district magistrates (''gun bugyô'') for much of the period. The ''[[Yahara-ke goyo nikki|Yahara-ke goyô nikki]]'' collects records of much of the magistrates' official matters from [[1768]] into the 1850s or 1860s.<ref>Kimura Yoshisato 木村吉聡 (ed.), ''Ryukyu shisetsu no Edo nobori to Mitarai'' 琉球使節の江戸上りと御手洗, Shiomachi kankô kôryû Center 潮待ち館観光交流センター (2001), 73-74.; ''Shirarezaru Ryûkyû shisetsu'' 知られざる琉球使節, Fukuyama-shi Tomonoura rekishi minzoku shiryôkan (2006), 113-134.</ref>
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