Changes

*''Signed: [[1854]]/12/21''<ref>This date is equivalent to Feb 7, [[1855]] on the Gregorian calendar used by most Western countries, and Jan 26 on the Julian calendar used by Russia until 1918.''

*''Signed: [[1854]]/12/21''<ref>This date is equivalent to Feb 7, [[1855]] on the Gregorian calendar used by most Western countries, and Jan 26 on the Julian calendar used by Russia until 1918.</ref>

*''Ratified: 1856/11/10 (Dec 7)''

*''Ratified: 1856/11/10 (Dec 7)''

Patterned after the [[Convention of Kanagawa]] and the [[Anglo-Japanese Convention of 1854]], the Russo-Japanese Convention contained many of the same provisions. It established for the ports of [[Hakodate]], [[Shimoda]], and [[Nagasaki]] to be open for Russian ships to receive supplies and repairs, and for Russian ships to be unwelcome at any other ports except in cases of emergency. As Putyatin mistakenly believed that the Americans and British had already been granted trade concessions and permission to station a consul, this treaty also contained provisions for those two matters, allowing Russians to trade money and goods at Shimoda and Hakodate (but not at Nagasaki), and for a consul to be appointed to one of those two ports at such time as the Russian government found it "indispensable." Finally, [[most favored nation]] status was extended to Russia.

Patterned after the [[Convention of Kanagawa]] and the [[Anglo-Japanese Convention of 1854]], the Russo-Japanese Convention contained many of the same provisions. It established for the ports of [[Hakodate]], [[Shimoda]], and [[Nagasaki]] to be open for Russian ships to receive supplies and repairs, and for Russian ships to be unwelcome at any other ports except in cases of emergency. As Putyatin mistakenly believed that the Americans and British had already been granted trade concessions and permission to station a consul, this treaty also contained provisions for those two matters, allowing Russians to trade money and goods at Shimoda and Hakodate (but not at Nagasaki), and for a consul to be appointed to one of those two ports at such time as the Russian government found it "indispensable." Finally, [[most favored nation]] status was extended to Russia.

The official border between the two countries was established as lying between the Japanese-held island of Iturup ([[Etorofu]]) and the Russian-held island of [[Urup]], with the shogunate also assuming direct administration of most of [[Ezo]] proper (the island of [[Hokkaido|Hokkaidô]]) in order to more solidly claim the territory and repel Russian incursions; the [[Kuril Islands]] were officially given to Russia, but the status of [[Sakhalin]] was left undetermined. This Treaty represents the first establishment of "modern" political borders for Japan, and is the only one of the [[Bakumatsu period]] so-called "[[Unequal Treaties]]" which explicitly called for not only the [[extraterritoriality]] of Westerners (in this case, Russians) in Japan, but also for that of Japanese overseas (i.e. in Russia).

The official border between the two countries was established as lying between the Japanese-held island of Iturup ([[Etorofu]]) and the Russian-held island of [[Urup]], with the shogunate also assuming direct administration of most of [[Ezo]] proper (the island of [[Hokkaido|Hokkaidô]]) in order to more solidly claim the territory and repel Russian incursions; the [[Kuril Islands]] were officially given to Russia, but the status of [[Sakhalin]] was left undetermined. This Treaty represents the first establishment of "modern" political borders for Japan, and is the only one of the [[Bakumatsu period]] so-called "[[Unequal Treaties]]" which was "equal" in its treatment of [[extraterritoriality]], extending that privilege not only to Russians in Japan, but also to Japanese in Russian territory.

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==References==

==References==

*Mitani Hiroshi, David Noble (trans.), ''Escape from Impasse'', International House of Japan (2006), 247-250, 292.  

*Mitani Hiroshi, David Noble (trans.), ''Escape from Impasse'', International House of Japan (2006), 247-250, 292.  

[[Category:Bakumatsu]]

[[Category:Bakumatsu]]

[[Category:Historical Documents]]

[[Category:Historical Documents]]