Changes

* Japanese: トマス　グラバー ''(Thomas Glover)''

* Japanese: トマス　グラバー ''(Thomas Glover)''

 

Thomas Glover was a Scottish trader who provided arms and assistance to the anti-[[Tokugawa shogunate|Tokugawa]] ''[[han]]'' of [[Choshu han|Chôshû]] through his [[Nagasaki]]-based trading company. [[Sakamoto Ryoma]] purchased arms with funds provided by [[Satsuma han|Satsuma]] for the venture. Glover also arranged for Japanese to study abroad in the United Kingdom, and sold Satsuma a steamship in [[1863]]/2, adding to the British steamships purchased by the domain in late [[1860]], and in late [[1862]].<ref>Robert Hellyer, ''Defining Engagement'', Harvard University Press (2009), 188, 194.</ref> Operating as an agent of the Chinese-based Jardine, Matheson & Company, he competed in [[1863]]-[[1864]] with the American [[Eugene Van Reed]], a merchant with the [[Yokohama]] branch of the [[Canton]]-based [[Augustine Heard & Company]], for privileged status in trade with Satsuma.<ref>Hellyer, 198.</ref>

A Scottish trader who provided arms and assistance to the anti-[[Tokugawa clan|Tokugawa]] han of [[Choshu]] through his [[Nagasaki]]-based trading company. [[Sakamoto Ryoma]] purchased arms with funds provided by [[Satsuma province|Satsuma]] for the venture. Glover also arranged for Japanese to study abroad in the UK.  

==References==

==References==

* [[Romulus Hillsborough|Hillsborough, Romulus]]. ''RYOMA- Life of a Renaissance Samurai''. Ridgeback Press, 1999

* [[Romulus Hillsborough|Hillsborough, Romulus]]. ''RYOMA- Life of a Renaissance Samurai''. Ridgeback Press, 1999

* Jansen, Marius B. ''Sakamoto Ryoma and the Meiji Restoration''. Columbia University Press, 1994.

* Jansen, Marius B. ''Sakamoto Ryoma and the Meiji Restoration''. Columbia University Press, 1994.

[[Category:Foreigners|Glover, Thomas]]

[[Category:Foreigners|Glover, Thomas]]