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→Selected Objects in the Shôsôin Collection
[[File:Shosoin-rekihaku.jpg|right|thumb|320px|A model of the Shôsôin, at the [[National Museum of Japanese History]]]]
*''Date: [[756]]''
*''Date: [[756]]''
*''Japanese'': 正倉院 ''(shousouin)''
*''Japanese'': 正倉院 ''(shousouin)''
The Shôsôin is an Imperial repository located at [[Todai-ji|Tôdai-ji]] in [[Nara]]. Constructed by [[Empress Koken|Empress Kôken]] during the [[Nara period]], it is not only an exceptional example of 8th century ''azekura'' storehouse architecture, but contains more than 9,000 items from the period, including textiles, musical instruments, aromatic woods, pieces of glass, and game boards, many of them of [[Silk Road]] origins and bearing Persian design elements or evidence of Roman manufacture.
The Shôsôin is an Imperial repository located at [[Todai-ji|Tôdai-ji]] in [[Nara]]. Constructed by [[Empress Koken|Empress Kôken]] during the [[Nara period]], it is not only an exceptional example of 8th century ''azekura'' storehouse architecture, but contains more than 9,000 items from the period, including textiles, musical instruments, aromatic woods, pieces of glass, and game boards, many of them of [[Silk Road]] origins and bearing Persian design elements or evidence of Roman manufacture.
The storehouse is 33 meters long by 9.4 meters deep. It stands 2.7 meters above the ground, 14 meters high in total.<ref>Gallery labels, National Museum of Japanese History.[https://www.flickr.com/photos/toranosuke/15492959133/in/dateposted-public/]</ref>
==History==
==History==
The Shôsôin was established in [[756]] to house a collection of treasures belonging to the late [[Emperor Shomu|Emperor Shômu]], who had died 49 days earlier.
The Shôsôin was established in [[756]] to house a collection of treasures belonging to the late [[Emperor Shomu|Emperor Shômu]], who had died 49 days earlier.
At times, the storehouse went unopened for decades or even over a century; when it was opened in [[1833]], it had been 140 years since it had last been opened. In addition to heavy metal locks holding the doors closed, those locks in turn are ceremonially sealed with ropes and paper inscribed with imperial orders; the storehouse could not be opened except by imperial order.<ref name=tnmexhibit>Gallery labels, Shôsôin exhibition, Tokyo National Museum, November 2019.</ref>
Though associated directly with Tôdai-ji for over a millennium, the storehouse was placed under the authority of the [[Ministry of the Interior]] (''Naimushô'') in [[1875]], and in [[1884]] under that of the [[Imperial Household Ministry]]. The Imperial Household Agency (''Kunaichô'') continues to oversee the site and its collection today.
Though associated directly with Tôdai-ji for over a millennium, the storehouse was placed under the authority of the [[Ministry of the Interior]] (''Naimushô'') in [[1875]], and in [[1884]] under that of the [[Imperial Household Ministry]]. The Imperial Household Agency (''Kunaichô'') continues to oversee the site and its collection today.
The objects were never publicly shown before 1947, when art historian [[Sherman Lee]] conducted a survey of the collection and convinced the Japanese government to allow such an exhibition. Objects from the Shôsôin have been shown annually ever since, and at least since the 1990s, this exhibition, held at the [[Nara National Museum]], has been the most-attended exhibition in Japan, and frequently among the top ten in the world.<ref>Rihoko Ueno, "[http://blog.aaa.si.edu/2012/10/monuments-men-in-japan-discoveries-in-the-george-leslie-stout-papers.html Monuments Men in Japan: Discoveries in the George Leslie Stout papers]," Archives of American Art Blog, 29 Oct 2012.; Edan Corkill, "[http://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2008/04/24/arts/hiding-in-japan-are-the-worlds-best-attended-exhibitions/#.UyFNlYVClxI Hiding in Japan are the world’s best attended exhibitions]," ''Japan Times'', 24 Apr 2008.</ref>
The objects were never publicly shown before 1947, when art historian [[Sherman Lee]] conducted a survey of the collection and convinced the Japanese government to allow such an exhibition. Objects from the Shôsôin have been shown annually ever since, and at least since the 1990s, this exhibition, held at the [[Nara National Museum]], has regularly been the most-attended exhibition in Japan, and frequently among the top ten in the world.<ref>Rihoko Ueno, "[http://blog.aaa.si.edu/2012/10/monuments-men-in-japan-discoveries-in-the-george-leslie-stout-papers.html Monuments Men in Japan: Discoveries in the George Leslie Stout papers]," Archives of American Art Blog, 29 Oct 2012.; Edan Corkill, "[http://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2008/04/24/arts/hiding-in-japan-are-the-worlds-best-attended-exhibitions/#.UyFNlYVClxI Hiding in Japan are the world’s best attended exhibitions]," ''Japan Times'', 24 Apr 2008.</ref>
Today, the Shôsôin collection is stored in two modern storage facilities constructed in 1953 and 1962. The original wooden building was designated a [[World Heritage Site]] in 1998, as one of the "Historic Monuments of Ancient Nara."
Today, the Shôsôin collection is stored in two modern storage facilities constructed in 1953 and 1962. The original wooden building was designated a [[World Heritage Site]] in 1998, as one of the "Historic Monuments of Ancient Nara."
==Selected Objects in the Shôsôin Collection==
==Selected Objects in the Shôsôin Collection==
*Brush, ink stick, and blue silk cord used in the [[752]] eye-opening ceremony of the Great Buddha at Tôdai-ji
*Brush, ink stick, and blue silk cord used in the [[752]] eye-opening ceremony of the Great Buddha at Tôdai-ji
*Ranjatai, a famous piece of incense wood, from which pieces were cut off by [[Ashikaga Yoshimasa]] in [[1465]] and by [[Oda Nobunaga]] in [[1574]].<ref>Morgan Pitelka, ''Spectacular Accumulation'', University of Hawaii Press (2016), 45.</ref>
*Shoes said to have been worn by Emperor Shômu to the eye-opening ceremony.
*Ranjatai, a large and famous piece of incense wood, today about five feet in length, and weighing roughly 25 pounds. The Court granted permission for pieces to be cut off by [[Ashikaga Yoshimasa]] in [[1465]] and by [[Oda Nobunaga]] in [[1574]]. Nobunaga then gave portions of what he had taken to [[Sen no Rikyu|Sen no Rikyû]] and [[Tsuda Sogyu|Tsuda Sôgyû]] as gifts.<ref>Morgan Pitelka, ''Spectacular Accumulation'', University of Hawaii Press (2016), 45-46, 183n14.</ref>
*Various textiles, including some from Persia or other parts of Central Asia. Many of these were produced specifically for the eye-opening ceremony for the Great Buddha at Tôdai-ji, or for memorial ceremonies performed in [[757]] on the first anniversary of the death of Emperor Shômu. Along with items in the collection of [[Horyu-ji|Hôryû-ji]], these are believed to be the oldest extant textiles in the world which have never been buried in a tomb.<ref name=tnmexhibit/>
==References==
==References==