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[[File:Namdaemun.jpg|right|thumb|400px|[[Namdaemun]], historically, the main southern gate of the city.]]
*''Other Names'': 漢陽 ''(K: Hanyang; J: Kan'yô)'', 漢城 ''(K: Hanseong, J: Kanjô)'', 京城 ''(K: Gyeongseong, J: Keijô)''
*''Other Names'': 漢陽 ''(K: Hanyang; J: Kan'yô)'', 漢城 ''(K: Hanseong, J: Kanjô)'', 京城 ''(K: Gyeongseong, J: Keijô)''
*''Japanese'': ソウル ''(Souru)''
*''Japanese'': ソウル ''(Souru)''
Seoul is the capital of the Republic of Korea (i.e. South Korea), and was previously the royal capital of the [[Joseon Dynasty]] and of the [[Korean Empire]].
Seoul is the capital of the Republic of Korea (i.e. South Korea), and was previously the royal capital of the [[Joseon Dynasty]] and of the [[Korean Empire]].
Seoul (then called Hanseong) was made the royal capital in [[1394]], following the fall of the [[Goryeo]] Kingdom.
Seoul (then called Hanseong) was made the royal capital in [[1394]], following the fall of the [[Goryeo]] Kingdom. Construction of the new royal palace was completed the following year, along with [[Jongmyo Shrine]] (a shrine to the royal ancestors) and the [[Sajikdan Altar]]. The city walls were completed the next year, in [[1396]].
The city was captured by samurai forces under [[Konishi Yukinaga]] and [[Kato Kiyomasa|Katô Kiyomasa]] in [[1592]]/5.
The city was captured by samurai forces under [[Konishi Yukinaga]] and [[Kato Kiyomasa|Katô Kiyomasa]] in [[1592]]/5, and much of it was destroyed. Jongmyo Shrine and [[Changdeokgung Palace]] were rebuilt by [[1608]]. A new palace, [[Gyeonghuigung Palace]], was completed in [[1620]].
A Japanese legation was established in the city in [[1880]].<ref>Robert Hellyer, ''Defining Engagement'', Harvard University Press (2009), 245.</ref>
In the early modern period, there were eight main gates providing entry into Seoul's city walls.<ref name=brit>Gallery labels, "Seoul, West Gate," British Museum.[https://www.flickr.com/photos/toranosuke/22785964595/in/photostream/]</ref>
The court ordered the dredging of the Chonggyecheon Stream in [[1760]].
A Japanese legation was established in the city in [[1880]];<ref>Robert Hellyer, ''Defining Engagement'', Harvard University Press (2009), 245.</ref> the US legation was established in [[1883]], followed by Russian, French, and German ones, as well as Western churches, schools, hospitals, and hotels. By around 1900, there were roughly 300 Westerners living in Seoul. Electric streetcar routes were also built through the city around this time, including rails running through some of the city gates.<ref name=brit/>
Seoul was renamed Keijô (K: ''Gyeongseong'') by the Japanese during the [[Colonial Korea|colonial period]], from [[1910]] to 1945.
Seoul was renamed Keijô (K: ''Gyeongseong'') by the Japanese during the [[Colonial Korea|colonial period]], from [[1910]] to 1945.
==References==
==References==
*Gallery labels, Seoul Museum of History.
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[[Category:Cities and Towns]]
[[Category:Cities and Towns]]