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Seals most commonly employ white characters, the red filling the negative space. These are called ''hakubun'in'' (lit. "white characters seal"), while the reverse, in which the characters are imprinted directly in red, are called ''shubun'in'' (lit. "red characters seal").
Seals most commonly employ white characters, the red filling the negative space. These are called ''hakubun'in'' (lit. "white characters seal"), while the reverse, in which the characters are imprinted directly in red, are called ''shubun'in'' (lit. "red characters seal").
In medieval Japan, the most formal way for a document to be signed was with a ''[[kao|kaô]]'', a stylized version of the author's signature. A black-ink seal (''kokuin'') was considered somewhat less formal than the ''kaô'', and a vermillion or red-ink seal (''shuin'') somewhat less formal still.
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[[Category:Art and Architecture]]
[[Category:Art and Architecture]]