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Burial in pots laid in natural caves or under rock outcroppings was once standard, but was later replaced by more elaborate stone tombs. Stone tombs in the form of houses, called ''hafû baka'' ("roofed graves"), are one of two chief forms these take; the royal mausoleum of [[Tamaudun]] is the most prominent example of this style. The [[Ginowan-udun tomb]] in Sueyoshi Park, in [[Naha]], is a famous example of the other, particularly distinctive, Okinawan style of tomb, which is said to resemble a turtle shell. Such tombs are called ''kaami nu kuu baka'' ("tortoise shell graves") in [[Okinawan language|Okinawan]].<ref>"Shuri ma~i" 首里ま～い. Pamphlet. Naha City Board of Education Cultural Properties Division 那覇市教育委員会文化財課, 1989.</ref> The practice of constructing tombs in this "tortoise-shell" style first spread to Okinawa from southeastern China in the 17th century, and became popular among the [[scholar-aristocracy of Ryukyu|scholar-aristocrat]] elites, and then among the broader population by the end of the 18th century.<ref>Plaque at [[Izena dunchi tomb]], Shintoshin, Naha.[https://www.flickr.com/photos/toranosuke/33589085720/sizes/o/]</ref> This spread of Chinese-style tombs coincided with the spread of popularity of ''[[feng shui]]'', and with a sinification more broadly of many aspects of Ryukyuan culture in the 18th century.<ref name=akamine90>Akamine Mamoru, Lina Terrell (trans.), Robert Huey (ed.), ''The Ryukyu Kingdom: Cornerstone of East Asia'', University of Hawaii Press (2017), 90-91.</ref>

Burial in pots laid in natural caves or under rock outcroppings was once standard, but was later replaced by more elaborate stone tombs. Stone tombs in the form of houses, called ''hafû baka'' ("roofed graves"), are one of two chief forms these take; the royal mausoleum of [[Tamaudun]] is the most prominent example of this style. The [[Ginowan-udun tomb]] in Sueyoshi Park, in [[Naha]], is a famous example of the other, particularly distinctive, Okinawan style of tomb, which is said to resemble a turtle shell. Such tombs are called ''kaami nu kuu baka'' ("tortoise shell graves") in [[Okinawan language|Okinawan]].<ref>"Shuri ma~i" 首里ま～い. Pamphlet. Naha City Board of Education Cultural Properties Division 那覇市教育委員会文化財課, 1989.</ref> The practice of constructing tombs in this "tortoise-shell" style first spread to Okinawa from southeastern China in the 17th century, and became popular among the [[scholar-aristocracy of Ryukyu|scholar-aristocrat]] elites, and then among the broader population by the end of the 18th century.<ref>Plaque at [[Izena dunchi tomb]], Shintoshin, Naha.[https://www.flickr.com/photos/toranosuke/33589085720/sizes/o/]</ref> This spread of Chinese-style tombs coincided with the spread of popularity of ''[[feng shui]]'', and with a sinification more broadly of many aspects of Ryukyuan culture in the 18th century.<ref name=akamine90>Akamine Mamoru, Lina Terrell (trans.), Robert Huey (ed.), ''The Ryukyu Kingdom: Cornerstone of East Asia'', University of Hawaii Press (2017), 90-91.</ref>

Mound tombs remained quite common in Okinawa into the early modern period, and today it is quite standard among Okinawan people to have the whole family buried in a common family tomb. While Japanese families may also share a family tomb, with the cremated remains of family members being interred under a common tombstone, Okinawan tombs are small stone structures unto themselves, with several chambers under a single roof. Though Okinawan tombs can take a variety of forms, all share the same basic structure, insofar as they feature a space for burials, a space for the washing of bones (''senkotsu''), a space for gatherings and ceremonies, and a roof. The chief difference is only in the shape or style of the tomb.<ref>Gallery labels, Okinawa Prefectural Museum.[https://www.flickr.com/photos/toranosuke/9514315406/sizes/l]</ref> When a family member passes away, their body is placed within the central chamber to be simply "exposed" (''fuso'')<ref>Gallery labels, Okinawa Prefectural Museum.[https://www.flickr.com/photos/toranosuke/9514312676/in/dateposted-public/]</ref>, and some time later the bones are washed in a ritual known as ''senkotsu'' (lit. "washing bones"), and placed in a ceramic or stone urn, which is then interred alongside the urns of other family members in one of the tomb's side chambers. Living family members gather and picnic in a small stone-paved area immediately in front of the tomb on ''[[shiimiisai]]'', a grave-cleaning festival related to the [[Qingming Festival]] observed in China. This small paved area may have been conceived of as a space for collecting and storing ''[[qi]]'', in accordance with ''feng shui'' philosophies.<ref name=akamine90/>

Mound tombs remained quite common in Okinawa into the early modern period, and today it is quite standard among Okinawan people to have the whole family buried in a common family tomb. Unlike in mainland Japan, where graves are typically located on the grounds of Buddhist temples, Okinawan tombs are located on hills or in urban cemeteries, separate from any larger institution (such as a temple).<ref>Aike Rots, "Strangers in the Sacred Grove: The Changing Meanings of Okinawan Utaki," ''Religions'' 10:298 (2019), 1.</ref> While Japanese families may also share a family tomb, with the cremated remains of family members being interred under a common tombstone, Okinawan tombs are small stone structures unto themselves, with several chambers under a single roof. Though Okinawan tombs can take a variety of forms, all share the same basic structure, insofar as they feature a space for burials, a space for the washing of bones (''senkotsu''), a space for gatherings and ceremonies, and a roof. The chief difference is only in the shape or style of the tomb.<ref>Gallery labels, Okinawa Prefectural Museum.[https://www.flickr.com/photos/toranosuke/9514315406/sizes/l]</ref> When a family member passes away, their body is placed within the central chamber to be simply "exposed" (''fuso'')<ref>Gallery labels, Okinawa Prefectural Museum.[https://www.flickr.com/photos/toranosuke/9514312676/in/dateposted-public/]</ref>, and some time later the bones are washed in a ritual known as ''senkotsu'' (lit. "washing bones"), and placed in a ceramic or stone urn, which is then interred alongside the urns of other family members in one of the tomb's side chambers. Living family members gather and picnic in a small stone-paved area immediately in front of the tomb on ''[[shiimiisai]]'', a grave-cleaning festival related to the [[Qingming Festival]] observed in China. This small paved area may have been conceived of as a space for collecting and storing ''[[qi]]'', in accordance with ''feng shui'' philosophies.<ref name=akamine90/>

==Funerary Rituals==

==Funerary Rituals==