Changes

Naha was home to one of four sets of scholar-aristocracies in the kingdom, along with Shuri, [[Tomari]], and Kumemura. Members of the Naha aristocracy were selected for certain governmental positions - largely those related to managing trade and the administration of Naha itself - often alongside scholar-officials from Shuri, while other positions were filled exclusively from the Shuri and Kumemura families. The highest position attainable for a member of the Naha scholar-aristocracy was that of ''Omonogusuku osasu-no-soba'', head of the [[Omonogusuku]], the royal storehouse located out in the harbor. The administration of the port town itself was headed by the [[Naha satonushi]] (O: ''Naafa satunushi''), who had under him some ten to twenty officials. Two Naha ''hissha'' and two Naha ''kari hissha'', whose position might be translated as "clerk" or "secretary," oversaw official records and archives, under the authority of the ''Omonogusuku osasu-no-soba'', and a number of Naha ''[[yokome]]'' served as inspectors, investigating local civil cases, under the jurisdiction of the ''[[Jito (Ryukyu)|jitô]]'' of the neighboring port town of Tomari.<ref>''Naha shizoku no isshô'' 那覇士族の一生 (Naha: Naha City Museum of History, 2010), 14.</ref>

Naha was home to one of four sets of scholar-aristocracies in the kingdom, along with Shuri, [[Tomari]], and Kumemura. Members of the Naha aristocracy were selected for certain governmental positions - largely those related to managing trade and the administration of Naha itself - often alongside scholar-officials from Shuri, while other positions were filled exclusively from the Shuri and Kumemura families. The highest position attainable for a member of the Naha scholar-aristocracy was that of ''Omonogusuku osasu-no-soba'', head of the [[Omonogusuku]], the royal storehouse located out in the harbor. The administration of the port town itself was headed by the [[Naha satonushi]] (O: ''Naafa satunushi''), who had under him some ten to twenty officials. Two Naha ''hissha'' and two Naha ''kari hissha'', whose position might be translated as "clerk" or "secretary," oversaw official records and archives, under the authority of the ''Omonogusuku osasu-no-soba'', and a number of Naha ''[[yokome]]'' served as inspectors, investigating local civil cases, under the jurisdiction of the ''[[Jito (Ryukyu)|jitô]]'' of the neighboring port town of Tomari.<ref>''Naha shizoku no isshô'' 那覇士族の一生 (Naha: Naha City Museum of History, 2010), 14.</ref>

The three neighborhoods of Tsuji, Watanji, and Nakashima served as the kingdom's chief pleasure districts. Tsuji and Nakashima were created as officially designated pleasure districts in [[1672]], and prostitutes previously operating illegally were gathered there, and became authorized. According to one source, there may have been as many as 3,000 [[courtesans]] operating in Naha at the beginning of the 19th century. The establishments were mostly, if not entirely, run by women as well, and to a certain extent the districts were self-contained entities, with their own distinctive administrative structures and community customs.<ref>Ono Masako, Tomita Chinatsu, Kanna Keiko, Taguchi Megumi, "Shiryô shôkai Kishi Akimasa bunko Satsuyû kikô," ''Shiryôhenshûshitsu kiyô'' 31 (2006), 233-234.</ref>

The three neighborhoods of Tsuji, Watanji, and Nakashima served as the kingdom's chief pleasure districts. Tsuji and Nakashima were created as officially designated pleasure districts in [[1672]], and prostitutes previously operating illegally were gathered there, and became authorized.<ref name=satsuyu>Ono Masako, Tomita Chinatsu, Kanna Keiko, Taguchi Megumi, "Shiryô shôkai Kishi Akimasa bunko Satsuyû kikô," ''Shiryôhenshûshitsu kiyô'' 31 (2006), 233-234.</ref> A third pleasure quarters was built at Watanji later on.<ref name=watanabe11>Watanabe Miki 渡辺美季, "Ryûkyû Shuri no zu, Ryûkyû Naha zu: Koga rekishi hakubutsukan zô Takami Senseki kankei shiryô yori" 「琉球首里ノ図・琉球那覇図ー古河歴史博物館蔵　鷹見泉石関係資料より」, ''Tôkyô daigaku shiryôhensanjo fuzoku gazô shiryô kaiseki sentaa tsûshin'' 東京大学史料編纂所附属画像史料解析センター通信 90 (Oct 2020), p11.</ref> According to one source, there may have been as many as 3,000 [[courtesans]] operating in Naha at the beginning of the 19th century. The establishments were mostly, if not entirely, run by women as well, and to a certain extent the districts were self-contained entities, with their own distinctive administrative structures and community customs.<ref name=satsuyu/>

[[File:Naha-model.jpg|right|thumb|400px|Model of central Naha in the 1930s, Naha City Museum of History. Note the [[Naha City Office|City Hall]] (''shiyakusho'') and clock tower center; the City Auditorium (''kôkaidô'', right); and blue-roofed post office in the foreground.]]

[[File:Naha-model.jpg|right|thumb|400px|Model of central Naha in the 1930s, Naha City Museum of History. Note the [[Naha City Office|City Hall]] (''shiyakusho'') and clock tower center; the City Auditorium (''kôkaidô'', right); and blue-roofed post office in the foreground.]]

===Other Areas===

===Other Areas===

Around the year [[1500]], King [[Sho Shin|Shô Shin]] had a great many [[pine]] trees planted along the main road from Shuri to Naha. A stele erected there in [[1501]] by Shûkei, abbot of [[Enkaku-ji (Okinawa)|Enkaku-ji]], indicates that this was done to ensure a source of lumber for upkeep and repairs of that temple, established the previous decade.<ref>The stele is known alternately as Sashikaeshi matsuo no himon サシカヘシ松尾之碑文 and Ufudômô no himon 大道毛之碑文. Smits, ''Maritime Ryukyu'', University of Hawaii Press (2019), 139.</ref> The stele further cautions against the crime of doing anything to disturb this most important lumber supply.<ref>Smits, ''Maritime Ryukyu'', 139.</ref> The area came to be known as Ufudô Matsubara 大道松原 ([[Okinawan language|O]]: ''Ufudô machibara''; roughly, "field of pines at the great road"), and is mentioned in the [[Sanshin#musical_genres|classical Okinawan song]] ''[[Nubui kuduchi]]'', which narrates the journey envoys to [[Kagoshima]] traveled, starting from Shuri and passing through Ufudô Matsubara, [[Azato Hachimangu|Azato Hachimangû]], and [[Sogenji|Sôgenji]] on the way to the harbor. The neighborhood today, to the east of Azato Station, is known as Daidô, a standard Japanese reading of the phrase ''Ufudô'' ("great road"). Few pines remain.

Around the year [[1500]], King [[Sho Shin|Shô Shin]] had a great many [[pine]] trees planted along the main road from Shuri to Naha. A stele erected there in [[1501]] by Shûkei, abbot of [[Enkaku-ji (Okinawa)|Enkaku-ji]], indicates that this was done to ensure a source of lumber for upkeep and repairs of that temple, established the previous decade.<ref>The stele is known alternately as Sashikaeshi matsuo no himon サシカヘシ松尾之碑文 and Ufudômô no himon 大道毛之碑文. Smits, ''Maritime Ryukyu'', University of Hawaii Press (2019), 139.</ref> The stele further cautions against the crime of doing anything to disturb this most important lumber supply.<ref>Smits, ''Maritime Ryukyu'', 139.</ref> The area came to be known as Ufudô Matsubara 大道松原 ([[Okinawan language|O]]: ''Ufudô machibara''; roughly, "field of pines at the great road"), and is mentioned in the [[Sanshin#musical_genres|classical Okinawan song]] ''[[Nubui kuduchi]]'', which narrates the journey envoys to [[Kagoshima]] traveled, starting from Shuri and passing through Ufudô Matsubara, [[Azato Hachimangu|Azato Hachimangû]], and [[Sogenji|Sôgenji]] on the way to the harbor. The neighborhood today, to the east of Azato Station, is known as Daidô, a standard Japanese reading of the phrase ''Ufudô'' ("great road"). Few pines remain.

Yogi Park, up until 2018 the home of the [[Okinawa Prefectural Library]] and still today the location of the Naha City Public Library, is located just south of the Makishi Market / Heiwa-dôri shopping arcade district, on the former site of an agricultural research station. The station was established in [[1881]] on a space of some 7,900 ''[[Japanese Measurements|tsubo]]'' in what was then Kohagura village, Mawashi ''[[magiri]]''; [[sugar]] cane, rice, wheat, [[indigo]], palm trees, [[turmeric]], and other crops were grown there experimentally, and various projects researching innovations into sugar processing and production were conducted there. Over the course of the 1910s-20s, various aspects of the research station were broken off and relocated to sites elsewhere on the island, including in [[Nishihara]], [[Nago]], and [[Futenma]]. In 1928, Okinawa prefecture purchased roughly 105,000 ''tsubo'' in the Yogi neighborhood of Mawashi village and established a main (central) research station there. The station was destroyed in the Battle of Okinawa, but was reestablished in 1946. Sugar cane and other crops were grown, and pigs, goats, and cows raised. However, as the city grew, the station was relocated in 1961 to a site in the Sakiyama neighborhood of Shuri; its former site in Yogi was transformed into a public park, and public facilities such as a library and a hospital were built nearby.<ref>Plaque on-site in Yogi Park.[https://www.flickr.com/photos/toranosuke/30618603892/sizes/k/]</ref>

Yogi Park, up until 2018 the home of the [[Okinawa Prefectural Library]] and still today the location of the Naha City Public Library, is located just south of the Makishi Market / Heiwa-dôri shopping arcade district, on the former site of an agricultural research station. The station was established in [[1881]] on a space of some 7,900 ''[[Japanese Measurements|tsubo]]'' in what was then Kohagura village, Mawashi ''[[magiri]]''; [[sugar]] cane, rice, wheat, [[indigo]], palm trees, [[turmeric]], and other crops were grown there experimentally, and various projects researching innovations into sugar processing and production were conducted there. Over the course of the 1910s-20s, various aspects of the research station were broken off and relocated to sites elsewhere on the island, including in [[Nishihara]], [[Nago]], and [[Futenma]]. In 1928, Okinawa prefecture purchased roughly 105,000 ''tsubo'' in the Yogi neighborhood of Mawashi village and established a main (central) research station there. The station was destroyed in the Battle of Okinawa, but was reestablished in 1946. Sugar cane and other crops were grown, and pigs, goats, and cows raised. However, as the city grew, the station was relocated in 1961 to a site in the Sakiyama neighborhood of Shuri; its former site in Yogi was transformed into a public park, and public facilities such as a library and a hospital were built nearby.<ref>Plaque on-site in Yogi Park.[https://www.flickr.com/photos/toranosuke/30618603892/sizes/k/]</ref>