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==Heian Imperial Palace==
 
==Heian Imperial Palace==
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[[File:Heian-gate.jpg|right|thumb|320px|The main gate of [[Heian Shrine]], meant to reproduce the appearance of the Ôtemmon of the original 8th century Heian Palace<ref name=fuji>Takashi Fujitani, ''Splendid Monarchy'', UC Press (1998), 86.</ref>]]
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[[File:Heianshrine.jpg|right|thumb|320px|The main buildings of Heian Shrine, meant to reproduce the Daigokuden (Great Audience Hall) and other buildings of the Chôdôin, the central official compound of the Heian court<ref name=fuji/>]]
 
===Structures & Layout===
 
===Structures & Layout===
 
The complex as a whole was surrounded by packed-mud walls, punctuated by fourteen gates. The complex was roughly 1.4 km from north to south, and 1.2 km from east to west.
 
The complex as a whole was surrounded by packed-mud walls, punctuated by fourteen gates. The complex was roughly 1.4 km from north to south, and 1.2 km from east to west.
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The Daigokuden (main audience hall), four bays from north to south (3.6m), and 11 bays (16.3m) from east to west, lay to the north of the ''chôdôin''. It was surrounded by a ''hisashi'', or covered exterior walkway. The Daigokuden was a showy and impressive structure, with green roof tiles and vermillion pillars, and was the largest structure in the palace complex. The interior was floored with bricks, and housed the emperor's throne, elevated on a pedestal.  
 
The Daigokuden (main audience hall), four bays from north to south (3.6m), and 11 bays (16.3m) from east to west, lay to the north of the ''chôdôin''. It was surrounded by a ''hisashi'', or covered exterior walkway. The Daigokuden was a showy and impressive structure, with green roof tiles and vermillion pillars, and was the largest structure in the palace complex. The interior was floored with bricks, and housed the emperor's throne, elevated on a pedestal.  
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The Heian Imperial Palace was first built in [[795]], the year after the establishment of [[Heian-kyo|Heian-kyô]] (Kyoto) as the Imperial capital. It was repaired, and burned, and repaired numerous times, but after a great fire in [[1177]], it was not rebuilt. The rituals and ceremonies that had been performed in the Daigokuden were transferred to the Shishinden (紫宸殿), the "Hall for State Ceremonies" within the ''dairi''.
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The Heian Imperial Palace was first built in [[795]], the year after the establishment of [[Heian-kyo|Heian-kyô]] (Kyoto) as the Imperial capital. It was repaired, and burned, and repaired numerous times, but after a great fire in [[1177]]/4, many significant buildings were not rebuilt. The rituals and ceremonies that had been performed in the Daigokuden were transferred to the Shishinden (紫宸殿), the "Hall for State Ceremonies" within the ''dairi''.
    
The entire Imperial Palace complex was re-established afterwards, a short distance to the northeast of the previous compound.
 
The entire Imperial Palace complex was re-established afterwards, a short distance to the northeast of the previous compound.
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The palace compound in its current location dates back to XX. Though many of the aspects of its layout draw upon the layout standards of the Heian Imperial Palace (and its Nara and Tang predecessors), the layout of the city no longer interacts with the palace complex as it originally did. The Suzakumon no longer faces a major north-south avenue, and there is no longer a street called Suzaku-ôji.
 
The palace compound in its current location dates back to XX. Though many of the aspects of its layout draw upon the layout standards of the Heian Imperial Palace (and its Nara and Tang predecessors), the layout of the city no longer interacts with the palace complex as it originally did. The Suzakumon no longer faces a major north-south avenue, and there is no longer a street called Suzaku-ôji.
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The palace compound, including the main palace (''Kindairi-gosho''), the ''Sento-gosho'' formerly inhabited by retired emperors, and the ''Ômiya-gosho'' which formerly housed secondary imperial consorts, dowager empresses, and retired emperors, was used in the early years of the [[Meiji period]] as the site for a number of grand exhibitions and expos (''hakurankai''). Between [[1869]], when the [[Meiji Emperor]] departed Kyoto for Tokyo, and [[1880]] or so, little effort was made by the [[Meiji government]] to maintain, preserve, or otherwise employ these Imperial sites for national purposes of any sort, and some in fact began to fall into serious disrepair. In the 1880s, however, the government began to take a much more active position on these Imperial sites, and the city of Kyoto as a whole, as sites and symbols of the Imperial past, and thus important tools for constructing and conveying a modern Emperor-centered nationalism. The entire 220-acre palace compound (''gyoen'') was converted into what it remains today: a public park with the Kindairi-gosho, Sento-gosho, Ômiya-gosho, and a number of gardens, ponds, shrines, and so forth inside. Historian [[Takashi Fujitani]] describes it as "not unlike a public museum in its display of objects that were to be appreciated as the true representations of history," and figures it within a broader "museumification of Kyoto" effected at this time.<ref>Takashi Fujitani, ''Splendid Monarchy'', UC Press (1998), 60.</ref>
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[[Kawaji Toshiakira]] was one of a number of officials who helped oversee the reconstruction of the palace in the 1850s.<ref>Fujitani, 68.</ref>
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The palace compound, including the main palace (''Kindairi-gosho''), the ''Sento-gosho'' formerly inhabited by retired emperors, and the ''Ômiya-gosho'' which formerly housed secondary imperial consorts, dowager empresses, and retired emperors, was used in the early years of the [[Meiji period]] as the site for a number of grand exhibitions and expos (''hakurankai''). Between [[1869]], when the [[Meiji Emperor]] departed Kyoto for Tokyo, and [[1880]] or so, little effort was made by the [[Meiji government]] to maintain, preserve, or otherwise employ these Imperial sites for national purposes of any sort, and some in fact began to fall into serious disrepair. In the 1880s, however, the government began to take a much more active position on these Imperial sites, and the city of Kyoto as a whole, as sites and symbols of the Imperial past, and thus important tools for constructing and conveying a modern Emperor-centered nationalism. The entire 220-acre palace compound (''gyoen'') was converted into what it remains today: a public park with the Kindairi-gosho, Sento-gosho, Ômiya-gosho, and a number of gardens, ponds, shrines, and so forth maintained inside, but with many of the other buildings which once stood there removed, leaving large open graveled areas. Historian [[Takashi Fujitani]] describes it as "not unlike a public museum in its display of objects that were to be appreciated as the true representations of history," and figures it within a broader "museumification of Kyoto" effected at this time.<ref>Fujitani, 60-61.</ref>
    
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