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Kotetsu (view source)

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* ''Kanji: 甲鉄 (Koutetsu), literally "Iron Armored."  Later renamed 東 (Azuma), literally "East."
 
* ''Entered Japanese Service: 3 February 1869''
 
* ''Entered Japanese Service: 3 February 1869''
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| colspan="2" | <font color="#000000">  Statistics<ref>Unless otherwise noted the statistics are from Steensen, Robert Steen.  ''Vore Panserskibe.'' (Our Armoured Vessels).  1968.</ref>
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|<font size=1><font color="#000000">Displacement:
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|<font size=1><font color="#000000">1,400 tons<ref>The Official Records of the Union and Confederate Navies, Series II Volume 1, page 267 claims the tonnage to be 900.</ref><br>1,535 tons - deep load
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|<font size=1><font color="#000000">Length:
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|<font size=1><font color="#000000">187 feet<ref>ORUCN claims 171' 10"</ref>
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|<font size=1><font color="#000000">Beam:
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|<font size=1><font color="#000000">32 feet 8 inches
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|<font size=1><font color="#000000">Draught:
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|<font size=1><font color="#000000">14 feet 4 inches<ref>From ORUCN</ref>
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|<font size=1><font color="#000000">Propulsion:
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|<font size=1><font color="#000000">Two tubular boilers<ref>ORUCN claims four engines</ref><br>Two shaft return connecting rod<br>1,200 indicated horsepower
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|<font size=1><font color="#000000">Fuel:
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|<font size=1><font color="#000000">Coal - 200 tons
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|<font size=1><font color="#000000">Speed:
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|<font size=1><font color="#000000">10.8 knots - both engines<ref>ORUCN claims "about 13 knots"</ref><br>5.8 knots - single engine
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|<font size=1><font color="#000000">Complement:
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|<font size=1><font color="#000000">135
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|<font size=1><font color="#000000">Armament:
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|<font size=1><font color="#000000">1 x 300-pounder [[Armstrong gun]]s<br>2 x 70-pounder Armstrong<ref>ORUCN claims, as of 1865, two 150-pounder Armstrong instead of two 70-pounders</ref>
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|<font size=1><font color="#000000">Armor:
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|<font size=1><font color="#000000">Fore "turret" – 4 ½ inches of iron<br>Hull – 3 ½ - 4 inches of iron<br>Aft "turret" - 4 inches of iron
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==Construction and life in France==
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* Name while in service: ''Sphinx''
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[[Image:Naval Ensign of France.png||thumb|right|Naval ensign of the ''Marine Nationale'' (French Navy).]]
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[[Image:StaerkodderPlans2.gif||thumb|left|A basic plan set for the ironclad.<ref>Greene and Massignani.  ''Ironclads at War.'' Page 202</ref>]]
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Builder:
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L’Arman; Bordeaux, France
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|Laid Down:
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|[[1863]]
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==Service in the Royal Danish Navy==
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* Names while in service:
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** ''Stærkodder'' (literally "Strong Otter")
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** ''Olinde''
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[[Image:Naval Ensign of Denmark.png||thumb|right|Naval ensign of the ''Kongelige Danske Marine'' (Royal Danish Navy).]]
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[[Image:Starkodder1.jpg||thumb|left|The ironclad as the ''Stærkodder'' in the Royal Danish Navy in 1864.<ref>From the collection of the ''Orlogsmuseets'' (Royal Danish Naval Museum).</ref>]]
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==Service in the Confederate States Navy==
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* Name while in service: CSS ''Stonewall'' (named for slain Confederate General Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson)
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* Engagement: Pursued by United States warships ''Sacramento'', ''Niagara'', and ''Kearsarge''.
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[[Image:Confederate_States_Naval_Ensign_post_May_26_1863.png||thumb|right|Naval ensign of the Confederate States Navy after 26 May 1863.]]
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[[Image:Confederate States Naval Jack.png||thumb|left|Naval jack of the Confederate States Navy from 1863 through 1865.]]
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| colspan="2" |<font color="#000000">Crew<ref>Evans, Clement Anselm.  ''Confederate Military History.'' Volume 12.</ref>
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|<font size=1>Captain
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|<font size=1>Thomas Jefferson Page
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|<font size=1>Lieutenant
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|<font size=1>Robert Randolph Carter
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|<font size=1>Lieutenant
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|<font size=1>George S. Shyrock
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|<font size=1>Lieutenant
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|<font size=1>George A. Borchert
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|<font size=1>Lieutenant
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|<font size=1>E. G. Read
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|<font size=1>Lieutenant
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|<font size=1>Samuel Barron, Jr.
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|<font size=1>Surgeon
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|<font size=1>Bennett Wood Green
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|<font size=1>Assistant Surgeon
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|<font size=1>James W. Herty
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|<font size=1>Paymaster
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|<font size=1>Richard W. Curtis
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|<font size=1>Engineer
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|<font size=1>William Param Brooks
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|-
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|<font size=1>Engineer
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|<font size=1>William Hutcheson Jackson
 
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|Launched:
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|<font size=1>Engineer
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|21 June [[1864]]
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|<font size=1>J. C. Klosh
 
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|Commissioned as ''Stærkodder'':
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|<font size=1>Master
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|<font size=1>William W. Wilkinson
 
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|Commissioned as CSS ''Stonewall'':
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|<font size=1>Boatswain
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|<font size=1>John M. Dukehart
 
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|Commissioned as USS ''Stonewall'':
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|<font size=1>Gunner
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|<font size=1>J. B. King
 
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|Commissioned as ''Azuma'':
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|<font size=1>Master’s Mate
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|[[1871]]
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|<font size=1>W. H. Savage
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|<font size=1>Paymaster’s Clerk
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|<font size=1>William Boynton
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[[Image:Belem firing on Niagara and Sacramento.jpg||thumb|left|The Tower of Belem firing on the United States ships ''Niagara'' and ''Sacramento'' in Lisbon Harbor.<ref>From Harper's Weekly, 13 May 1865.</ref>]]
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[[Image:Harpers-13May1865.jpg||thumb|right|The ironclad as the CSS ''Stonewall'' crossing the Atlantic Ocean.<ref>Harper's Weekly, 13 May 1865.</ref>]]
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=="Surrender" to Spanish authorities in Cuba==
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[[Image:Spanish Naval Ensign post 1785.gif||thumb|left|Naval ensign of the ''Armada Española'' (Spanish Navy) after 1785.]]
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==Spain turns the vessel over to the United States.  For a price.==
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* Name while in service: Ex-CSS ''Stonewall''
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[[Image:US Naval Jack 36 stars.png||thumb|right|Naval jack of the United States Navy from 4 July 1865 through 3 July 1867.]]
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[[Image:Stonewall-Washington.jpg||thumb|left|The ironclad in United States custody in the Washington Navy Yard.<ref>From the United States Naval Historical Center.</ref>]]
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==Japan enters the age of the ironclad==
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* Names while in service:
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** 甲鉄 (''Koutetsu'' [literally "Iron Armored"])
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** 東 (''Azuma'' [literally "East"])
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* Engagements:  
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** 宮古湾海戦 - ''Miyako Wan Kaisen'' (Naval Battle of Miyako Bay) March 1869.
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** 函館湾海戦 - ''Hakodate Wan Kaisen'' (Naval Battle of Hakodate Bay) 4 through 10 May 1869.
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[[Image:Naval Ensign of Japan before 1889.png||thumb|right|Naval ensign of the 大日本帝國海軍 (''Dai Nippon Teikoku Kaigun'' [Imperial Japanese Navy]) prior to 1889.]]
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[[Image:Azuma-port.jpg||thumb|left|The ironclad as the ''Koutetsu'' at full sail in port during the late 1860s.<ref>From the United States Naval Historical Center.</ref>]]
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[[Image:BattleOfHakodate.jpg||thumb|right|The ironclad as the ''Koutetsu'' during the 函館湾海戦 (''Hakodate Wan Kaisen'' [Naval Battle of Hakodate Bay]), June 1869.<ref>From the United States Naval Historical Center.</ref>]]
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[[Image:Naval Battle of Hakodate.JPG||thumb|left|The ironclad as the ''Koutetsu'' during the 函館湾海戦 (''Hakodate Wan Kaisen'' [Naval Battle of Hakodate Bay]).<ref>From the Illustrated London News, 11 September 1869.</ref>]]
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[[Image:Azuma3.jpg||thumb|right|The ironclad after being renamed ''Azuma''.<ref>From the United States Naval Historical Center.</ref>]]
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==Notes==
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<references/>
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==References==
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* Evans, Clement Anselm.  Confederate military history; a library of Confederate States history. Volume 12.  Atlanta, GA: Confederate Publishing Company, 1899.
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* Greene, Jack and Alessandro Massignani.  ''Ironclads at War: The Origin and Development of the Armored Warship, 1854-1891.''  Pennsylvania: Combined Publishing, 1998. 
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* “Japanese Imperial Fleet Attacking the Rebels of Hakodadi.”  ''Illustrated London News'', 11 September 1869.
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* Naval War Records Office.  ''Official Records of the Union and Confederate Navies''.  Series I Volumes 3 (1896), 5 (1897), 12 (1901), 16 (1903), 17 (1903), 22 (1908), 27 (1917).  Series II Volumes 1 (1921), 2 (1921), 3 (1922).  Washington, D.C.: Government Print. Office, 1894-1922.
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* Steensen, Robert Steen.  ''Vore Panserskibe'' (Our Armoured Vessels).  Copenhagen, Denmark: Marinehistorisk Selskab, 1968.  178-195.
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* “The Confederate Steam Ram ‘Stonewall’ leaving Lisbon Harbor.”  ''Harper’s Weekly'', 13 May 1865, p. 301.
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[[Category:Warships|Kotetsu]]
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[[Category:Ships|Kotetsu]]
 
[[Category:Bakumatsu|Kotetsu]]
 
[[Category:Bakumatsu|Kotetsu]]
 
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