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Created page with "*''Japanese'': 五人組 ''(gonin gumi)'' ''Goningumi'', or "five person groups," were Edo period groupings of households who were considered mutually responsible for the..."
*''Japanese'': 五人組 ''(gonin gumi)''
''Goningumi'', or "five person groups," were [[Edo period]] groupings of households who were considered mutually responsible for the lawful and orderly behavior of the whole group, and for collecting ''machi iriyô'' taxes, among other activities. They were the smallest, lowest, level of urban administration, and reported to ''[[nanushi]]'' (neighborhood headmen), who in turn reported to the ''[[machi doshiyori]]'' (town elders), assistants to the ''[[machi bugyo|Edo machi bugyô]]'' (Edo City Magistrates).
The members of a ''goningumi'' were typically homeowners, landlords, or their agents - i.e. the heads of [[ie|households]]. Each paid taxes known as ''machi iriyô'' or ''machi nyûyô'' in an amount proportionate to the frontage (i.e. size) of their property, and then helped distribute the resulting pool of funds to help pay for fire protection; the operating costs of holding local festivals; maintenance of waterworks, guard towers, gatehouses, and the like; and so forth.
The ''goningumi'' practice was implemented in the [[Ryukyu Kingdom|Ryûkyû Kingdom]] as well, beginning around the 1630s.
{{stub}}
==References==
*Katô Takashi, "Governing Edo," in James McClain (ed.), ''Edo & Paris'', Cornell University Press (1994), 56.
[[Category:Terminology]]
[[Category:Political Institutions]]
[[Category:Edo Period]]
''Goningumi'', or "five person groups," were [[Edo period]] groupings of households who were considered mutually responsible for the lawful and orderly behavior of the whole group, and for collecting ''machi iriyô'' taxes, among other activities. They were the smallest, lowest, level of urban administration, and reported to ''[[nanushi]]'' (neighborhood headmen), who in turn reported to the ''[[machi doshiyori]]'' (town elders), assistants to the ''[[machi bugyo|Edo machi bugyô]]'' (Edo City Magistrates).
The members of a ''goningumi'' were typically homeowners, landlords, or their agents - i.e. the heads of [[ie|households]]. Each paid taxes known as ''machi iriyô'' or ''machi nyûyô'' in an amount proportionate to the frontage (i.e. size) of their property, and then helped distribute the resulting pool of funds to help pay for fire protection; the operating costs of holding local festivals; maintenance of waterworks, guard towers, gatehouses, and the like; and so forth.
The ''goningumi'' practice was implemented in the [[Ryukyu Kingdom|Ryûkyû Kingdom]] as well, beginning around the 1630s.
{{stub}}
==References==
*Katô Takashi, "Governing Edo," in James McClain (ed.), ''Edo & Paris'', Cornell University Press (1994), 56.
[[Category:Terminology]]
[[Category:Political Institutions]]
[[Category:Edo Period]]