Changes

*''Japanese'': 二川宿 ''(Futagawa-juku)''

*''Japanese'': 二川宿 ''(Futagawa-juku)''

Futagawa-juku was the 33rd of the 53 stations of the [[Tokadio|Tôkaidô]] [[highways|highway]]. Located in [[Mikawa province]], within what is today the city of [[Toyohashi]], [[Aichi prefecture]], Futagawa was a small [[post-town]], home to some 1,468 residents in 328 homes (as of [[1843]]). One ''[[honjin]]'' and one ''waki-honjin'' were maintained to serve as lodgings for the ''daimyô'' and other elite figures who regularly passed through the town; thirty-eight ''[[hatagoya]]'' catered to other travelers. Though originally located within the territory of [[Yoshida han]], from [[1643]] onwards, the post-town was overseen by a ''[[daikan]]'' appointed by the shogunate, rather than coming under the authority of the local ''daimyô''.<ref>Asao Naohiro (ed.), ''Fudai daimyô Ii ke no girei'', Hikone Castle Museum (2004), 331.; Shibuya Shiori 渋谷詩織, "Ryûkyû shisetsu to shukuba - Tôkaidô Futagawa wo chûshin ni -" 「琉球使節と宿場―東海道二川を中心に」, in Kamiya Nobuyuki 紙屋敦之 (ed.), ''Kinsei Nihon ni okeru gaikoku shisetsu to shakai hen'yô 3: taikun gaikô kaitai wo ou'' 『近世日本における外国使節と社会変容（３）－大君外交解体を追う－』, Tokyo: Waseda University (2009), 78.</ref>

Futagawa-juku was the 33rd of the 53 stations of the [[Tokadio|Tôkaidô]] [[highways|highway]]. Located in [[Mikawa province]], within what is today the city of [[Toyohashi]], [[Aichi prefecture]], Futagawa was a small [[post-town]], home to some 1,468 residents in 328 homes (as of [[1843]]). One ''[[honjin]]'' and one ''waki-honjin'' were maintained to serve as lodgings for the ''daimyô'' and other elite figures who regularly passed through the town; thirty-eight ''[[hatagoya]]'' catered to other travelers.<ref>The number of ''hatagoya'' operating in the town ranged from as few as twenty in [[1776]] to as many as 40 in [[1729]]. Gallery labels, Futagawa-juku honjin shiryôkan.[flickr.com/photos/toranosuke/31363571667/sizes/k/]</ref> Though originally located within the territory of [[Yoshida han]], from [[1643]] onwards, the post-town was overseen by a ''[[daikan]]'' appointed by the shogunate, rather than coming under the authority of the local ''daimyô''.<ref>Asao Naohiro (ed.), ''Fudai daimyô Ii ke no girei'', Hikone Castle Museum (2004), 331.; Shibuya Shiori 渋谷詩織, "Ryûkyû shisetsu to shukuba - Tôkaidô Futagawa wo chûshin ni -" 「琉球使節と宿場―東海道二川を中心に」, in Kamiya Nobuyuki 紙屋敦之 (ed.), ''Kinsei Nihon ni okeru gaikoku shisetsu to shakai hen'yô 3: taikun gaikô kaitai wo ou'' 『近世日本における外国使節と社会変容（３）－大君外交解体を追う－』, Tokyo: Waseda University (2009), 78.</ref>

 

Following the [[Meiji Restoration]] and the end of the ''shukuba'' system, the town shifted to become dominated by the [[silk]] industry, with the Itotoku Company, founded by Obuchi Shichi of the neighboring town of Ôiwa finding success with a ''tamaito seishi'' (dupion filature) technique which used multiple cocoons at once; many silk mills were established in and around Futagawa at that time. None are still in operation today.<ref>Plaques at Futagawa-juku.[https://www.flickr.com/photos/toranosuke/32430615288/sizes/k/]</ref>

==Honjin==

==Honjin==

Futagawa ''honjin'' is believed to have been established in [[1601]], or very shortly afterward, along with the official establishment of Futagawa as a post-station of the Tôkaidô. Though initially the two villages of Futagawa and Ôiwa oversaw the administration of the post-station together, from [[1644]] onward, the post-station came under the exclusive control of Futagawa, while the neighboring village of Ôiwa became its own "additional post station" (''kashuku''). For the first half of the [[Edo period]], the ''honjin'' was managed by the Gotô family, whose head in each generation, Gotô Gozaemon, also served as a local village/town official, as well as being involved in festivals at [[Futagawa Hachiman Shrine]].

Futagawa ''honjin'' is believed to have been established in [[1601]], or very shortly afterward, along with the official establishment of Futagawa as a post-station of the Tôkaidô. Though initially the two villages of Futagawa and Ôiwa oversaw the administration of the post-station together, from [[1644]] onward, the post-station came under the exclusive control of Futagawa, while the neighboring village of Ôiwa became its own "additional post station" (''kashuku''). The two villages were also removed from the territory of [[Yoshida han]] at that time, and made [[tenryo|shogunal territory]]. For the first half of the [[Edo period]], the ''honjin'' was managed by the Gotô family, whose head in each generation, Gotô Gozaemon, also served as a local village/town official, as well as being involved in festivals at [[Futagawa Hachiman Shrine]].

However, after a severe fire in [[1735]], the position was given over to someone else. After another fire in [[1793]], the Gotô family were unable to regain their position, and Kurebayashi Kenzaemon<!--紅林権左衛門--> took over the operations of the ''honjin'' for a time. Following yet another fire, towards the end of [[1806]], however, Kurebayashi too was forced to relinquish the position, passing it on to relatives from the Baba family. The Baba family claimed descent from [[Baba Nobufusa|Baba Mino-no-kami Nobufusa]], a retainer of [[Takeda Shingen]]. They relocated from [[Ise province]] to Mikawa towards the beginning of the Edo period. The head of the family was known as Hikojûrô in each generation. They engaged in agriculture, saké brewing, and ran a store called the Ise-ya selling rice and other grains. Members of the Baba family continued to maintain the ''honjin'' from [[1807]], through the end of the Edo period, until [[1870]]. The first Baba Hikojûrô to run the ''honjin'' was also known as Sôkei 宗徑; his son & successor was Hôtô 邦嶋, who was then followed by Atsunori 篤則, who ran the ''honjin'' until 1870.

However, after a severe fire which destroyed the Gotô ''honjin'' in [[1735]], another family was granted permission to have their establishment serve as the official ''honjin'' for the town. After another fire destroyed that establishment in [[1793]], the Gotô family were unable to regain their position, and Kurebayashi Kenzaemon<!--紅林権左衛門--> took over the role of ''honjin'' operator for a time. Following yet another fire, towards the end of [[1806]], however, Kurebayashi too was forced to relinquish the position, passing it on to relatives from the Baba family, who then transformed their home into the town's ''honjin''. The Baba family claimed descent from [[Baba Nobufusa|Baba Mino-no-kami Nobufusa]], a retainer of [[Takeda Shingen]]. They relocated from [[Ise province]] to Mikawa towards the beginning of the Edo period. The head of the family was known as Hikojûrô in each generation. They engaged in agriculture, saké brewing, and ran a store called the Ise-ya selling rice and other grains. Members of the Baba family continued to maintain the ''honjin'' from [[1807]], through the end of the Edo period, until [[1870]]. The first Baba Hikojûrô to run the ''honjin'' was also known as Sôkei 宗徑; his son & successor was Hôtô 邦嶋, who was then followed by Atsunori 篤則, who ran the ''honjin'' until 1870.

 

The Baba family has left 33 volumes of records, covering the period from 1807 to [[1866]]. They include lists of prominent individuals who stayed at the ''honjin'', as well as for certain periods day-to-day records. These include several categories or groups of documents, two of which are: volumes grouped until the title ''go-kyûhaku sôken'' (御休泊早見), which are organized chronologically, day by day; and volumes collected under the title ''go-kyûhaku kiroku'' (御休泊記録), which are organized in ''iroha'' order (akin to alphabetically) by the names of the ''daimyô'', ''kuge'', or other figure featured in that entry. These ''go-kyûhaku kiroku'' record in which rooms or buildings each figure stayed, how many people they brought with them, the food they were served, how much they paid, what extra gifts they brought for the post-town officials, and what special gifts they were given in exchange by the post-town. Records regarding ''daimyô'' are particularly detailed, including as well accounts of actions by post-town officials & the ''daimyô’s'' representatives (e.g. the exchange of official documents); occasions when stays were extended or changed due to the weather; descriptions of where lanterns and banners were hung; and so forth.

The Baba family has left 33 volumes of records, covering the period from 1807 to [[1866]]. They include lists of prominent individuals who stayed at the ''honjin'', as well as for certain periods day-to-day records. These include several categories or groups of documents, two of which are: volumes grouped until the title ''go-kyûhaku sôken'' (御休泊早見), which are organized chronologically, day by day; and volumes collected under the title ''go-kyûhaku kiroku'' (御休泊記録), which are organized in ''iroha'' order (akin to alphabetically) by the names of the ''daimyô'', ''kuge'', or other figure featured in that entry. These ''go-kyûhaku kiroku'' record in which rooms or buildings each figure stayed, how many people they brought with them, the food they were served, how much they paid, what extra gifts they brought for the post-town officials, and what special gifts they were given in exchange by the post-town. Records regarding ''daimyô'' are particularly detailed, including as well accounts of actions by post-town officials & the ''daimyô’s'' representatives (e.g. the exchange of official documents); occasions when stays were extended or changed due to the weather; descriptions of where lanterns and banners were hung; and so forth.

Along with the neighboring "additional post-station" (''kashuku'') town of Ôiwa, Futagawa was home to some 1,468 people in [[1843]], in 328 homes. There were 38 ''[[hatagoya]]'' (inns) between the two towns at that time.<ref>Shibuya, 78.</ref>

Along with the neighboring "additional post-station" (''kashuku'') town of Ôiwa, Futagawa was home to some 1,468 people in [[1843]], in 328 homes. There were 38 ''[[hatagoya]]'' (inns) between the two towns at that time.<ref>Shibuya, 78.</ref>

The ''honjin'' at Futagawa survives today as a local history museum. The building is 17 1/2 ''[[Japanese Measurements|ken]]'' wide, and covers a space of roughly 525 ''tsubo''.<ref>Watanabe Kazutoshi 渡辺和敏, "Sankin kôtai to honjin" 参勤交代と本陣, ''Honjin ni tomatta daimyô tachi'', 53.</ref>

The ''honjin'' at Futagawa survives today as a local history museum. The building is 17 1/2 ''[[Japanese Measurements|ken]]'' wide, and covers a space of roughly 525 ''tsubo''.<ref>Watanabe Kazutoshi 渡辺和敏, "Sankin kôtai to honjin" 参勤交代と本陣, ''Honjin ni tomatta daimyô tachi'', 53.</ref> The front building, or the front portion of the building, including the ''genkan'', dates to [[1856]], having been rebuilt after the [[1854]] earthquake which destroyed the previous 1807 building. The front gate facing out onto the Tôkaidô is a four-legged ''[[yakuimon]]''-style gate, dating to [[1850]]; the previous 1807 gate was torn down in conjunction with renovations at that time.<ref name=plaques>Plaques on-site.[https://www.flickr.com/photos/toranosuke/45579059734/sizes/k/][https://www.flickr.com/photos/toranosuke/45579030204/sizes/k/]</ref> The ''shoin'' section of the ''honjin'', including the ''jôdan no ma'' used by visiting ''daimyô'' as their chief living and formal meeting space, was torn down in [[1870]] as the ''honjin'' system was abolished and the Baba family turned more exclusively to brewing.

 

 

 

 

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==References==

==References==

*Ina Toshisada 伊奈利定, "Tôkaidô Futagawa juku honjin ni okeru daimyô-ke no riyô" 東海道二川宿本陣における大名家の利用, ''Honjin ni tomatta daimyô tachi'' 本陣に泊まった大名たち, Toyohashi, Aichi: Futagawa-juku honjin shiryôkan (1996), 55.

*Ina Toshisada 伊奈利定, "Tôkaidô Futagawa juku honjin ni okeru daimyô-ke no riyô" 東海道二川宿本陣における大名家の利用, ''Honjin ni tomatta daimyô tachi'' 本陣に泊まった大名たち, Toyohashi, Aichi: Futagawa-juku honjin shiryôkan (1996), 55.

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[[Category:Cities and Towns]]

[[Category:Cities and Towns]]

[[Category:Edo Period]]

[[Category:Edo Period]]