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*1859 April [[James Hepburn]] sets sail from New York.
*1859 April [[James Hepburn]] sets sail from New York.
*1859/4/24 (May 26) [[Rutherford Alcock]] and his translator [[Kumano no Denkichi]] arrive in Edo harbor.
*1859/4/24 (May 26) [[Rutherford Alcock]] and his translator [[Kumano no Denkichi]] arrive in Edo harbor.
*1859/4/17 to 1859/5/5 [[HMS Actaeon|HMS ''Actaeon'']] arrives at [[Tsushima han|Tsushima]] and its crew stay for a time at several villages on the island.
*1859/5/9-25 HMS ''Actaeon'' calls at Pusan.
*1859/5 Rutherford Alcock takes up his post as the first British diplomatic representative in Japan.
*1859/5 Rutherford Alcock takes up his post as the first British diplomatic representative in Japan.
*1859/6 [[Yokohama]], [[Nagasaki]], and [[Hakodate]] are opened as [[treaty ports]].
*1859/6 [[Yokohama]], [[Nagasaki]], and [[Hakodate]] are opened as [[treaty ports]].
*1859/7/6 [[Philipp von Siebold]] returns to Japan.
*1859/7/6 [[Philipp von Siebold]] returns to Japan.
*1859 October James Hepburn arrives in Japan and settles in [[Kanagawa]].
*1859 October James Hepburn arrives in Japan and settles in [[Kanagawa]].
*1859/10 to 1859/11 HMS ''Actaeon'' and another British ship call at Pusan.
*1859/11 HMS ''Actaeon'' calls at Tsushima again.
==Other Events of 1859==
==Other Events of 1859==
*[[Ansei Purge]]
*[[Ansei Purge]]
*''[[Buke Shohatto]]'' is re-promulgated for the last time.
*''[[Buke Shohatto]]'' is re-promulgated for the last time.
*Darwin's ''Origin of the Species'' is published.
*The ''honmaru'' of [[Edo castle]] is destroyed by fire. [[Kano Hogai|Kanô Hôgai]] is among those commissioned to produce new paintings for the restored structure.
*The ''honmaru'' of [[Edo castle]] is destroyed by fire. [[Kano Hogai|Kanô Hôgai]] is among those commissioned to produce new paintings for the restored structure.
*The French take Saigon and three provinces of Cochinchina.
*[[Makishi-Onga Incident]]
*[[Makishi-Onga Incident]]
*[[Manabe Akikatsu]] resigns his post as ''[[roju|rôjû]]'' for a second time and goes into retirement.
*[[Manabe Akikatsu]] resigns his post as ''[[roju|rôjû]]'' for a second time and goes into retirement.
===Births and Deaths===
===Births and Deaths===
*1859/1/29 [[Ichikawa Ebizo V|Ichikawa Ebizô V]], kabuki actor, dies (b. 1791).
*1859/1/29 [[Ichikawa Ebizo V|Ichikawa Ebizô V]], kabuki actor, dies (b. [[1791]]).
*1859/9/14 [[Umeda Unpin]], Confucian scholar, dies (b. 1815).
*1859/7/27 Russian sailors Roman Mophet and Ivan Sokoloff are killed in [[Yokohama]].
*[[Rai Mikisaburo|Rai Mikisaburô]], Confucian scholar, is executed (b. 1825).
*1859/9/14 [[Umeda Unpin]], Confucian scholar, dies (b. [[1815]]).
*1859/10/6 [[Sanjo Sanetsumu|Sanjô Sanetsumu]] dies.
*[[Hashimoto Sanai]] is executed (b. [[1834]])
*[[Hayashi Akira]] dies (b. [[1800]]).
*[[Ogata Gekko|Ogata Gekkô]], artist, is born (d. 1920).
*[[Ogata Gekko|Ogata Gekkô]], artist, is born (d. 1920).
*[[Hashimoto Sanai]] is executed (b. 1834)
*[[Rai Mikisaburo|Rai Mikisaburô]], Confucian scholar, is executed (b. [[1825]]).
*[[Tsubouchi Shoyo|Tsubouchi Shôyô]] is born (d. 1935).
*[[Tsubouchi Shoyo|Tsubouchi Shôyô]] is born (d. 1935).
*[[Yoshida Shoin|Yoshida Shôin]] is executed (b. 1830).
*[[Yoshida Shoin|Yoshida Shôin]] is executed (b. [[1830]]).
*[[Yuan Shikai]] is born (d. 1916).
*[[Yuan Shikai]] is born (d. 1916).