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*Fifty-seven (or, according to some sources, 61) of approximately 70 Portuguese sailors who sailed from Macao to Japan bearing gifts in an attempt to regain Portuguese trading and missionary rights in Japan are executed, and their ship burned.
*Fifty-seven (or, according to some sources, 61) of approximately 70 Portuguese sailors who sailed from Macao to Japan bearing gifts in an attempt to regain Portuguese trading and missionary rights in Japan are executed, and their ship burned.
*Ayutthaya dispatches an envoy to request the resumption of trade and relations with Japan. The ship succumbs to typhoon or inclement weather and never makes it to Japan.
*Ayutthaya dispatches an envoy to request the resumption of trade and relations with Japan. The ship succumbs to typhoon or inclement weather and never makes it to Japan.
*[[Shimabara, Kyoto|Shimabara pleasure district]] in Kyoto is established.
*The Rokujô Mitsuji brothel district in Kyoto is relocated and restricted to the [[Shimabara, Kyoto|Shimabara district]]; prostitution in [[Osaka]] is restricted to the [[Shinmachi]] district.
*Ban on ''onna-[[kabuki]]'' is reissued.
*Ban on ''onna-[[kabuki]]'' is reissued.
*The shogunate forbids the [[Yoshiwara]] to operate at night.
*The shogunate forbids the [[Yoshiwara]] to operate at night.
*Shogunate begins using ''[[nengo|nengô]]'' (Japanese era names) in correspondence with China, indicating a lessened acknowledgment of Chinese authority or centrality.
*Shogunate begins using ''[[nengo|nengô]]'' (Japanese era names) in correspondence with China, indicating a lessened acknowledgment of Chinese authority or centrality.
*[[VOC|Dutch]] [[opperhoofd|factor]] gifts a bronze lotus lantern to [[Nikko Toshogu|Nikkô Tôshôgû]]; this is later mistakenly recorded as having been a Ryukyuan gift.
*The shogunate issues an edict mandating all commoners throughout the realm to [[shumon aratame|register]] with a Buddhist temple as parishioners (''danka''<!--檀家-->).
*[[VOC|Dutch]] [[opperhoofd|factor]] gifts a candelabra to [[Nikko Toshogu|Nikkô Tôshôgû]], in part as a show of gratitude for the re-opening of trade following incidents surrounding [[Pieter Nuyts]]; this is later mistakenly recorded as having been a Ryukyuan gift.
===Births and Deaths===
*''[[Kokugaku]]'' scholar [[Keichu|Keichû]] is born (d. [[1701]]).
