Changes

==Edo Period==

==Edo Period==

Mitarai got its start as an officially designated port around [[1666]], when the domain granted permission for the construction of divided homes; it's said that as of the 1630s, there was not a single residence,<ref>Or at least no residences of a certain type; presumably there must have been farmhouses of some sort, but according to records from the time, there were no ''yashiki'' 屋敷.</ref>, but only fields and orchards. As both official (shogunate and ''daimyô'') and merchant ships increasingly began to sail through the center of the Inland Sea, rather than only closer to the coast as they had done in the medieval period, Mitarai was able to grow in centrality and importance.<ref>Kimura Yoshisato 木村吉聡 (ed.), ''Ryukyu shisetsu no Edo nobori to Mitarai'' 琉球使節の江戸上りと御手洗, Shiomachi kankô kôryû Center 潮待ち館観光交流センター (2001), 3.</ref> The town thus quickly grew into a significant port over the course of the 17th to 18th centuries, and all the more so in the early 19th century as the Japan-wide "travel boom" burgeoned. As late as the 1690s, when [[Engelbert Kaempfer]] passed through, he estimated there were only about forty homes in the town.<ref>Kimura, 5.</ref> And yet, he writes that there were many ships anchored in the area, waiting for winds or tides, and that the port was well-known among Inland Sea sailors.<ref>Kimura, 6-7.</ref> By [[1748]], there were some 83 homes. Twenty years later, the town had grown somewhat to number 106 homes housing over 530 people, and by [[1801]], the population had roughly tripled, to over 1,500.<ref>Kimura, 1.</ref> Like many other prominent Inland Sea ports, Mitarai was chiefly home to warehousers, affiliated with wealthy, powerful warehousing guilds in [[Osaka]]; essentially they served as middlemen, buying, storing, and selling a variety of goods which sea captains transported across the Inland Sea and beyond. A number of western Japanese [[han|domains]] maintained ''[[funayado]]'' in Mitarai - places run by merchants with a particular loyalty to that domain (''[[goyo shonin|goyô shônin]]''), and where officials or merchants associated with that domain would have a designated place to stay, and to do business with (or through) in Mitarai. [[Kagoshima han|Kagoshima]], [[Kumamoto han|Kumamoto]], [[Choshu han|Chôshû]], [[Nakatsu han|Nakatsu]], [[Nobuoka han|Nobuoka]], [[Obi han|Obi]]<!--飫肥-->, [[Kokura han|Kokura]], [[Fukuoka han|Fukuoka]], [[Uwajima han|Uwajima]], and [[Ozu han|Ôzu domains]] all maintained such establishments in Mitarai.<ref>Kimura, 5.</ref>

Mitarai got its start as an officially designated port around [[1666]], when the domain granted permission for the construction of divided homes; it's said that as of the 1630s, there was not a single residence,<ref>Or at least no residences of a certain type; presumably there must have been farmhouses of some sort, but according to records from the time, there were no ''yashiki'' 屋敷.</ref>, but only fields and orchards. As both official (shogunate and ''daimyô'') and merchant ships increasingly began to sail through the center of the Inland Sea, rather than only closer to the coast as they had done in the medieval period, Mitarai was able to grow in centrality and importance.<ref>Kimura Yoshisato 木村吉聡 (ed.), ''Ryukyu shisetsu no Edo nobori to Mitarai'' 琉球使節の江戸上りと御手洗, Shiomachi kankô kôryû Center 潮待ち館観光交流センター (2001), 3.</ref> ''Machi toshiyori'' (town elders), under the jurisdiction of Ôchô village, were first established at Mitarai in [[1713]]. The town thus quickly grew into a significant port over the course of the 17th to 18th centuries, and all the more so in the early 19th century as the Japan-wide "travel boom" burgeoned. As late as the 1690s, when [[Engelbert Kaempfer]] passed through, he estimated there were only about forty homes in the town.<ref>Kimura, 5.</ref> And yet, he writes that there were many ships anchored in the area, waiting for winds or tides, and that the port was well-known among Inland Sea sailors.<ref>Kimura, 6-7.</ref> By [[1748]], there were some 83 homes. Twenty years later, the town had grown somewhat to number 106 homes housing over 530 people, and by [[1801]], the population had roughly tripled, to over 1,500.<ref>Kimura, 1.</ref> The local ''shôya'' (town or village headman) was split off from the jurisdiction of Ôchô village to become its own jurisdiction unto itself in [[1808]]. A branch of [[Sumiyoshi Shrine]] was established around [[1830]], along with a wharf (''hatoba'') and a certain amount of landfill, extending the size of the town somewhat.

 

Like many other prominent Inland Sea ports, Mitarai was chiefly home to warehousers, affiliated with wealthy, powerful warehousing guilds in [[Osaka]]; essentially they served as middlemen, buying, storing, and selling a variety of goods which sea captains transported across the Inland Sea and beyond. A number of western Japanese [[han|domains]] maintained ''[[funayado]]'' in Mitarai - places run by merchants with a particular loyalty to that domain (''[[goyo shonin|goyô shônin]]''), and where officials or merchants associated with that domain would have a designated place to stay, and to do business with (or through) in Mitarai. [[Kagoshima han|Kagoshima]], [[Kumamoto han|Kumamoto]], [[Choshu han|Chôshû]], [[Nakatsu han|Nakatsu]], [[Nobuoka han|Nobuoka]], [[Obi han|Obi]]<!--飫肥-->, [[Kokura han|Kokura]], [[Fukuoka han|Fukuoka]], [[Uwajima han|Uwajima]], and [[Ozu han|Ôzu domains]] all maintained such establishments in Mitarai.<ref>Kimura, 5.</ref>

During the [[Edo period]], Mitarai became one of the more typical stops for ''daimyô'' and their entourages to stop during their ''[[sankin kotai|sankin kôtai]]'' journeys to and from [[Edo]]; [[VOC|Dutch]], [[Korean embassies to Edo|Korean]] and [[Ryukyuan embassies to Edo]] also stopped here, and a ''hengaku'' plaque featuring calligraphy by Ryukyuan envoy [[Ryo Kochi|Ryô Kôchi]] can be found in the temple of [[Manshu-ji|Manshû-ji]] in the town.<ref>Shirarezaru Ryûkyû shisetsu 知られざる琉球使節, Fukuyama-shi Tomonoura rekishi minzoku shiryôkan (2006), 37.</ref> Numerous other notable figures visited Mitarai, including [[Ino Tadataka|Inô Tadataka]] in [[1806]], [[Philipp Franz von Siebold]] in [[1826]], [[Yoshida Shoin|Yoshida Shôin]] in [[1853]], [[Sanjo Sanetomi|Sanjô Sanetomi]] and [[Fall of Seven Nobles Incident|several other court nobles]] in [[1864]].

During the [[Edo period]], Mitarai became one of the more typical stops for ''daimyô'' and their entourages to stop during their ''[[sankin kotai|sankin kôtai]]'' journeys to and from [[Edo]]; [[VOC|Dutch]], [[Korean embassies to Edo|Korean]] and [[Ryukyuan embassies to Edo]] also stopped here, and a ''hengaku'' plaque featuring calligraphy by Ryukyuan envoy [[Ryo Kochi|Ryô Kôchi]] can be found in the temple of [[Manshu-ji|Manshû-ji]] in the town.<ref>Shirarezaru Ryûkyû shisetsu 知られざる琉球使節, Fukuyama-shi Tomonoura rekishi minzoku shiryôkan (2006), 37.</ref> Numerous other notable figures visited Mitarai, including [[Ino Tadataka|Inô Tadataka]] in [[1806]], [[Philipp Franz von Siebold]] in [[1826]], [[Yoshida Shoin|Yoshida Shôin]] in [[1853]], [[Sanjo Sanetomi|Sanjô Sanetomi]] and [[Fall of Seven Nobles Incident|several other court nobles]] in [[1864]].

By the [[Bakumatsu period]], Mitarai began to decline as many sea captains bypassed the warehousers and simply bought and sold directly with producers in cities like [[Onomichi]] and consumers in places like Osaka. By that time, too, fears of foreign ships led to Mitarai being equipped with shore batteries.

By the [[Bakumatsu period]], Mitarai began to decline as many sea captains bypassed the warehousers and simply bought and sold directly with producers in cities like [[Onomichi]] and consumers in places like Osaka. By that time, too, fears of foreign ships led to Mitarai being equipped with shore batteries.

Though long a part of Ônaga Village, Mitarai officially became its own separate municipality in [[1879]]. Today, it is part of Kure City, and is officially known as Yutaka-machi Mitarai.

Though long a part of Ôchô Village, Mitarai officially became its own separate municipality in [[1879]]. Today, it is part of Kure City, and is officially known as Yutaka-machi Mitarai.

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