Changes

*''Built: [[1604]]''

*''Built: [[1604]]''

*''Demolished: 1900 (''yagura'', gate)''

*''Demolished: 1900 (''yagura'', gate)''

*''Burnt: 1945''

*''Burnt: 1945 (''tenshu'' survives)''

*''Founder: [[Todo Takatora|Tôdô Takatora]]''

*''Founder: [[Todo Takatora|Tôdô Takatora]]''

*''Type: Flatland-Mountain''

*''Type: Flatland-Mountain''

*''Japanese:''宇和島城''(Uwajima-jou)''

*''Japanese:''宇和島城''(Uwajima-jou)''

Located in Ehime Prefecture (the historical [[Iyo province]]) in [[Shikoku]], Uwajima castle was originally known as Itajima Marukushi castle (‘Flat Board Round Skewer’ castle). During the [[Nara]] and [[Heian]] periods, the area was controlled by the Tachibana. During the [[Kamakura]] era the Saionji took control and the castle was the focus for many attacks during the [[Sengoku Jidai]]. [[Todo Takatora]], one of the leading castle construction authorities of his day, took control of the area in [[1595]] and completely rebuilt the castle. Construction began in [[1596]] and ended in [[1604]] when the tenshu was completed. Toda was transferred to [[Ise Province|Ise]] in [[1608]] and the castle was handed over to Tomita Nobutaka. The fief changed hands once again in [[1615]] when Date Hidemune was given control. The second Date lord of the castle, Munetoshi, rebuilt the castle yet again from [[1662]] to [[1671]]. The outbuildings and perimeter stone walls were redone, and the tenshu was dismantled and then rebuilt in a modified form to replace areas of rotten wood. It escaped the wholesale castle destruction of the [[Meiji]] government, but over the years most of the buildings were taken down. During World War II, the main gatehouse was destroyed when it caught fire during an American bombing raid. This left the tenshu as the only surviving structure of the castle complex.

Located in [[Ehime prefecture]] ([[Iyo province]]) in [[Shikoku]], Uwajima castle was the central castle of the [[Edo period]] [[han|domain]] of [[Uwajima han|Uwajima]].

The castle was a [[hirayamajiro]] built on a mountain 80 meters high, and originally also included buildings on the flatland at the base of the mountain. It was located just off an inlet that served as a port in southwest Shikoku, putting it in a good spot for a castle town to grow up around it. The castle (built by Date) retains many of the ornamental gables and decorative touches usually seen in castles built 50 years earlier. It is also interesting that the tenshu is smaller than the base it rests on (which was built by Todo). This was likely due to the fact that castles were in decline as military structures during the mid seventeenth century, and a large tenshu was no longer deemed necessary (instead concentrating on its appearance). The tenshu has three interior and three exterior stories with traditional tile roofing, and has the rather unusual feature of a ‘front porch’ (somewhat like the ‘carriage house’ at [[Nijo castle]]). In 1950, Uwajima was designated an Important Cultural Property by the Japanese government. The castle grounds now function as a park.

 

During the [[Nara period|Nara]] and [[Heian periods]], the area was controlled by the [[Tachibana family]]. During the [[Kamakura period]], the [[Saionji family]] took control and a fortress on the site was the focus of many battles during the [[Sengoku period]]. [[Todo Takatora|Tôdô Takatora]] took control of the area in [[1595]] and built a new castle on the site, beginning in [[1596]]. Completed in [[1604]], the castle was originally known as Itajima Marukushi castle.

 

Tôdô was transferred to [[Ise province]] in [[1608]] and the castle was handed over to [[Tomita Nobutaka]]. The fief changed hands once again in [[1614]] when [[Date Hidemune]] was given control. The second [[Date clan]] lord of the castle, [[Date Munetoshi]], rebuilt the castle yet again from [[1662]] to [[1671]]. The outbuildings and perimeter stone walls were redone, and the ''tenshu'' was dismantled and then rebuilt in a modified form to replace areas of rotten wood.  

 

The castle escaped the wide-ranging demolition of many castles by the [[Meiji government]], but over the years most of the buildings were taken down. During World War II, the main gatehouse was destroyed when it caught fire during an American bombing raid. This left the ''tenshu'' as the only surviving structure of the castle complex.

 

The castle was a ''[[hirayamajiro]]'' built on a mountain 80 meters high, and originally also included buildings on the flatland at the base of the mountain. It was located just off an inlet that served as a port in southwest Shikoku, putting it in a good spot for a castle town to grow up around it. The castle (built by Date) retains many of the ornamental gables and decorative touches usually seen in castles built 50 years earlier. It is also interesting that the ''tenshu'' is smaller than the base it rests on (which was built by Tôdô). This was likely due to the fact that castles were in decline as military structures during the mid-seventeenth century, and a large ''tenshu'' was no longer deemed necessary (instead concentrating on its appearance). The ''tenshu'' has three interior and three exterior stories with traditional tile roofing, and has the rather unusual feature of a ‘front porch’ (somewhat like the ''kurumayose'' ‘carriage house’ at [[Nijo castle|Nijô castle]]). In 1950, Uwajima's ''tenshu'' was designated an [[Important Cultural Property]] by the Japanese government. The castle grounds now function as a park.

==References==

==References==

*Kodama Kota & Tsuboi Kiyotari, editors ''Nihon Joukaku Taikei''-20 Volumes Tokyo:Shinjimbutsu oraisha, 1981

*Kodama Kota & Tsuboi Kiyotari, editors ''Nihon Joukaku Taikei''-20 Volumes Tokyo:Shinjimbutsu oraisha, 1981

*Hinago Motoo ''Nihon No Bijutsu #54:Shiro'' Tokyo:Shibundo, 1970

*Hinago Motoo ''Nihon No Bijutsu #54:Shiro'' Tokyo:Shibundo, 1970

*Schmorleitz, Morton S ''Castles In Japan'' Tokyo:Charles E Tuttle Company Inc, 1974

*Schmorleitz, Morton S ''Castles In Japan'' Tokyo:Charles E Tuttle Company Inc, 1974

[[Category:Castles]]

[[Category:Castles]]