Changes

1,121 bytes added ,  01:55, 13 January 2020
no edit summary
Line 5: Line 5:       −
Satto was a king of [[Chuzan|Chûzan]], one of three kingdoms which formerly existed on the island of [[Okinawa]]. His reign was marked by the expansion and development of Chûzan's trade relations with other states, and the beginning of Okinawa's [[tribute|tributary relations]] with [[Ming Dynasty]] [[China]], a relationship which would continue for roughly five hundred years, almost until the fall of the [[Qing Dynasty]].
+
Satto is generally believed to have been a king of [[Chuzan|Chûzan]], one of three kingdoms which formerly existed on the island of [[Okinawa]]. His reign was marked by the expansion and development of Chûzan's trade relations with other states, and the beginning of Okinawa's [[tribute|tributary relations]] with [[Ming Dynasty]] [[China]], a relationship which would continue for roughly five hundred years, almost until the fall of the [[Qing Dynasty]].
    
Governor of the [[Urasoe|Urasoe district]] which surrounded and included Chûzan's capital, Satto seized the throne for himself upon the death of King [[Seii]] in 1354 or 1355. His own line, or dynasty, however, would not last past his son, [[Bunei]], who would be ousted in 1406.
 
Governor of the [[Urasoe|Urasoe district]] which surrounded and included Chûzan's capital, Satto seized the throne for himself upon the death of King [[Seii]] in 1354 or 1355. His own line, or dynasty, however, would not last past his son, [[Bunei]], who would be ousted in 1406.
Line 18: Line 18:     
Satto died in 1395, and was succeeded by his son Bunei. Missions were sent to Nanjing to announce the king's death, and to formally request investiture for his successor. The "Mirror of Chûzan," a history of Ryukyu written by [[Sho Shoken|Shô Shôken]] in the 1650s, cites Satto's death as an example of ''tentô''<ref>This represents the [[Okinawan language|Okinawan]] reading of the characters; the same term is read as ''tendô'' in [[Japanese language|Japanese]], and as ''tian-dao'' in Chinese ''pinyin''.</ref> (天道), a concept closely related to the [[Confucianism|Confucian]] [[Mandate of Heaven]]. Though he describes Satto as a good king overall, Shô accuses him of giving in to luxurious temptations and of losing the proper degree of humility; thus, Shô explains, Satto was guided by ''tentô'' to touch a venomous snake in his sleep and to be killed.
 
Satto died in 1395, and was succeeded by his son Bunei. Missions were sent to Nanjing to announce the king's death, and to formally request investiture for his successor. The "Mirror of Chûzan," a history of Ryukyu written by [[Sho Shoken|Shô Shôken]] in the 1650s, cites Satto's death as an example of ''tentô''<ref>This represents the [[Okinawan language|Okinawan]] reading of the characters; the same term is read as ''tendô'' in [[Japanese language|Japanese]], and as ''tian-dao'' in Chinese ''pinyin''.</ref> (天道), a concept closely related to the [[Confucianism|Confucian]] [[Mandate of Heaven]]. Though he describes Satto as a good king overall, Shô accuses him of giving in to luxurious temptations and of losing the proper degree of humility; thus, Shô explains, Satto was guided by ''tentô'' to touch a venomous snake in his sleep and to be killed.
 +
 +
==Ambiguity==
 +
Noting considerable ambiguities and contradictions in the few records pertaining to King Satto, some scholars have suggested that Chinese references to "Satto" 察度・査都 or "[[Shosatto|Shôsatto]]" (ostensibly, the king of [[Nanzan]] c. 1380s-90s) might not in fact be references to the personal names of distinct, specific, individuals, but rather to a more generic Ryukyuan noble title, sato 里 or satunushi 里主・里之子. They note that the Korean term sado 使道 also refers to local magistrates or locally powerful families or individuals. If Chinese references to "Satto" or "Shôsatto" do not in fact refer to specific named figures but rather to a myriad of different, overlapping figures ambiguously identified only by their title/rank, ''sato'' or ''satonushi'', then we may have to admit no particular record of actions, identities, or whereabouts can be reliably pinned to any one named individual, but rather could refer to any number of different individuals.<ref>Gregory Smits, ''Maritime Ryukyu'', University of Hawaii Press (2019), 82-83.</ref>
    
<center>
 
<center>
contributor
27,126

edits