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[[Military conscription]], established in mainland Japan in [[1872]]-[[1873]] and extended to parts of Okinawa prefecture in the 1890s, was only first implemented in the Miyakos and Yaeyamas beginning in [[1902]].<ref>E.H. Norman. ''Soldier and Peasant in Japan: The Origins of Conscription''. New York: Institute for Pacific Relations (1945), 41-42, 49.</ref>
[[Military conscription]], established in mainland Japan in [[1872]]-[[1873]] and extended to parts of Okinawa prefecture in the 1890s, was only first implemented in the Miyakos and Yaeyamas beginning in [[1902]].<ref>E.H. Norman. ''Soldier and Peasant in Japan: The Origins of Conscription''. New York: Institute for Pacific Relations (1945), 41-42, 49.</ref>
Following the [[Ryukyu Shobun|abolition and annexation of the Ryûkyû Kingdom]] by the Empire of Japan in the 1870s, civil affairs in the Miyako and Yaeyama Islands came to be controlled, initially, by police forces composed primarily of individuals from [[Kagoshima prefecture|Kagoshima]]. Only in [[1893]] were local civil authorities granted control of such matters. Meanwhile, a policy of ''[[kyukan onzon|kyûkan onzon]]'' (roughly, "maintaining old customs") was employed by the Japanese, leaving much of the kingdom's administrative and taxation structure in place until [[1903]], due to a belief that avoiding immediate and radical change (in the 1870s-80s) would help avoid local uprisings or revolts.
==Culture==
==Culture==