Changes

Ieyasu and Hidetada journeyed separately to Kyoto, with a combined force of perhaps as many as 200,000 men. The Toyotomi-loyal armies, based in Osaka castle, one of the most impressive fortifications in the realm, are said to have perhaps numbered as many as 100,000. The Tokugawa forces began setting themselves up in hills surrounding Osaka on 11/15, and on 11/19 began their assault on smaller Toyotomi-loyal fortresses with the [[battle of Kizugawa]].

Ieyasu and Hidetada journeyed separately to Kyoto, with a combined force of perhaps as many as 200,000 men. The Toyotomi-loyal armies, based in Osaka castle, one of the most impressive fortifications in the realm, are said to have perhaps numbered as many as 100,000. The Tokugawa forces began setting themselves up in hills surrounding Osaka on 11/15, and on 11/19 began their assault on smaller Toyotomi-loyal fortresses with the [[battle of Kizugawa]].

The assault on Osaka castle itself began on 12/16. Ieyasu employed a number of heavy cannon (some of European manufacture, and some made in [[Sakai]]), but failed to do any significant damage to the keep. The noise, however, is said to have had a noteworthy effect on the defenders, an "assault on [their] minds" which made it difficult to relax or sleep.<ref>Pitelka, ''Spectacular Accumulation'', 132.</ref> Though the Tokugawa forces made little actual progress, in terms of damaging the castle or gaining territory, this initial conflict ended in a limited ceasefire. Throughout the bombardment, Tokugawa and Toyotomi representatives exchanged negotiations as to a set of demands both sides could agree to; eventually, Hideyori agreed to a set of conditions that included guaranteeing his enfeoffment & income on a fief equivalent to Osaka, guaranteeing his own personal safety, and guaranteeing that his mother, [[Yodo-dono]], would not be made hostage in Edo. The two sides agreed to a ceasefire, and Ieyasu returned to Kyoto, though Hidetada remained at Osaka, and oversaw the filling in of the moat. Most mythologizing accounts written long after the fact exaggerate the ways the Tokugawa used subterfuge to somehow convince the Toyotomi to allow this, but in truth the extent to which the inhabitants of the castle agreed to this, or even knew about this Tokugawa intention, is unclear.

The assault on Osaka castle itself began on 12/16. Ieyasu employed a number of heavy cannon (some of European manufacture, and some made in [[Sakai]]), but failed to do any significant damage to the keep. The noise, however, is said to have had a noteworthy effect on the defenders, an "assault on [their] minds" which made it difficult to relax or sleep.<ref>Pitelka, ''Spectacular Accumulation'', 132.</ref> Though the Tokugawa forces made little actual progress in terms of damaging the castle or gaining territory, this initial conflict ended in a limited ceasefire. Throughout the bombardment, Tokugawa and Toyotomi representatives exchanged negotiations as to a set of demands both sides could agree to; eventually, Hideyori agreed to a set of conditions that included guaranteeing his enfeoffment & income on a fief equivalent to Osaka, guaranteeing his own personal safety, and guaranteeing that his mother, [[Yodo-gimi]], would not be made hostage in Edo. The two sides agreed to a ceasefire, and Ieyasu returned to Kyoto, though Hidetada remained at Osaka, and oversaw the filling in of the moat. Most mythologizing accounts written long after the fact exaggerate the ways the Tokugawa used subterfuge to somehow convince the Toyotomi to allow this, but in truth the extent to which the inhabitants of the castle agreed to this, or even knew about this Tokugawa intention, is unclear.

==Summer Campaign==

==Summer Campaign==