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The island is roughly 13 km in circumference, and 3 km² in area.<ref name=tatsuya24>Tamai Tatsuya 玉井建也, "Kinsei ni okeru kaijô chisô to Seto naikai: Iyo-no-kuni Tsuwaji-jima wo jirei toshite" 近世における海上馳走と瀬戸内海－伊予国津和地島を事例として－, ''Tôkyô daigaku daigakuin jôhô gakkan kiyô jôhô gaku kenkyû'' 東京大学大学院情報学環紀要 情報学研究 81 (2011), 24.</ref> It lies roughly 28 km northwest of Matsuyama proper, and about 30 km south of [[Kure]] City in [[Hiroshima prefecture]]. The nearest neighboring islands include Nasake and Yashiro Islands to the southwest, and Nuwa and Nakajima Islands to the east.

The island is roughly 13 km in circumference, and 3 km² in area.<ref name=tatsuya24>Tamai Tatsuya 玉井建也, "Kinsei ni okeru kaijô chisô to Seto naikai: Iyo-no-kuni Tsuwaji-jima wo jirei toshite" 近世における海上馳走と瀬戸内海－伊予国津和地島を事例として－, ''Tôkyô daigaku daigakuin jôhô gakkan kiyô jôhô gaku kenkyû'' 東京大学大学院情報学環紀要 情報学研究 81 (2011), 24.</ref> It lies roughly 28 km northwest of Matsuyama proper, and about 30 km south of [[Kure]] City in [[Hiroshima prefecture]]. The nearest neighboring islands include Nasake and Yashiro Islands to the southwest, and Nuwa and Nakajima Islands to the east.

While in premodern times ships generally followed closely along the coasts of Honshû or Shikoku, in the early modern period (that is, the [[Edo period]]), a greater volume of traffic began to sail through the deeper middle of the [[Inland Sea]], and to stop at places like Tsuwaji which had not previously seen such traffic. Tsuwaji thus became a prominent link in a network of Inland Sea ports including [[Kaminoseki]], [[Tomonoura]], [[Mitarai]], Shimo-Kamagari, and Yashiro Island, and a common place for ships to make harbor while waiting for favorable winds or tides.<ref name=tatsuya24/> As early as the 1660s, it was identified as the busiest port in [[Iyo province]], with some 500 ships each over 100-''[[koku]]'' in size in port at once; in the 1690s, when [[Engelbert Kaempfer]] passed through Tsuwaji on his way to [[Edo]], he noted that Tsuwaji had as many as 150 homes.<ref>''Umimichi wo yuku: Edo jidai no Seto Naikai'' 海道をゆく－江戸時代の瀬戸内海－, Museum of Ehime History and Culture 愛媛県歴史文化博物館 (1999), 116.</ref>

While in premodern times ships generally followed closely along the coasts of Honshû or Shikoku, in the early modern period (that is, the [[Edo period]]), a greater volume of traffic began to sail through the deeper middle of the [[Inland Sea]], and to stop at places like Tsuwaji which had not previously seen such traffic. Tsuwaji thus became a prominent link in a network of Inland Sea ports including [[Kaminoseki]], [[Tomonoura]], [[Mitarai]], [[Kamagari|Shimo-Kamagari]], and Yashiro Island, and a common place for ships to make harbor while waiting for favorable winds or tides.<ref name=tatsuya24/> As early as the 1660s, it was identified as the busiest port in [[Iyo province]], with some 500 ships each over 100-''[[koku]]'' in size in port at once; in the 1690s, when [[Engelbert Kaempfer]] passed through Tsuwaji on his way to [[Edo]], he noted that Tsuwaji had as many as 150 homes.<ref>''Umimichi wo yuku: Edo jidai no Seto Naikai'' 海道をゆく－江戸時代の瀬戸内海－, Museum of Ehime History and Culture 愛媛県歴史文化博物館 (1999), 116.</ref>

The lord of Iyo-Matsuyama established a teahouse on the island in [[1635]] (likely a reception hall for elite guests, akin to a ''[[honjin]]''), and named retainer Yahara Sanozaemon his deputy (''nashiro''), to oversee such matters. The Yahara family remained influential figures on the island throughout the [[Edo period]], serving as district magistrates (''gun bugyô'') for much of the period. The ''[[Yahara-ke goyo nikki|Yahara-ke goyô nikki]]'' collects records of much of the magistrates' official matters from [[1768]] into the 1850s or 1860s.<ref>Kimura Yoshisato 木村吉聡 (ed.), ''Ryukyu shisetsu no Edo nobori to Mitarai'' 琉球使節の江戸上りと御手洗, Shiomachi kankô kôryû Center 潮待ち館観光交流センター (2001), 73-74.; ''Shirarezaru Ryûkyû shisetsu'' 知られざる琉球使節, Fukuyama-shi Tomonoura rekishi minzoku shiryôkan (2006), 113-134.</ref>

The lord of Iyo-Matsuyama established a teahouse on the island in [[1635]] (likely a reception hall for elite guests, akin to a ''[[honjin]]''), and named retainer Yahara Sanozaemon his deputy (''nashiro''), to oversee such matters. The Yahara family remained influential figures on the island throughout the [[Edo period]], serving as district magistrates (''gun bugyô'') for much of the period. The ''[[Yahara-ke goyo nikki|Yahara-ke goyô nikki]]'' collects records of much of the magistrates' official matters from [[1768]] into the 1850s or 1860s.<ref>Kimura Yoshisato 木村吉聡 (ed.), ''Ryukyu shisetsu no Edo nobori to Mitarai'' 琉球使節の江戸上りと御手洗, Shiomachi kankô kôryû Center 潮待ち館観光交流センター (2001), 73-74.; ''Shirarezaru Ryûkyû shisetsu'' 知られざる琉球使節, Fukuyama-shi Tomonoura rekishi minzoku shiryôkan (2006), 113-134.</ref>